Preventing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit Research Paper

Preventing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit - Research Paper Example From this perspective, I want to find various methods of preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU patients. Huang, S. J., Huang, H. J., Yu, S. F., Chen, J. H., Huang, H. Y., Cheng, P. C., ... & Lu, M. C. (2015). The implement of bundle care improves the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 48(2), S153. The above journal discusses a research carried out in a medical center in central Taiwan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia after implementation of VAP bundles. Before the introduction of VAP bundles the prevalence rate was 2.5% in 2013 where a respirator was utilized in 49.9% of the patients hospitalized in the 20-bed Medical Centre. The incidence rate reduced from 2.5% in 2013 to 1.0% in Q3 of 2014, after the application of VAP bundle care. Laird, P. (2015). Preventing ventilator-related injury in the ICU. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu/sp-3.15.1b/ovidweb.cgi?QS2=434f4e1a73d37e8ca9c2ed569e2a6bcb0f412b007c9b7e54280dcd11f81c8b88c241ed21141302487cfd3d58d1402427e90395d588a7c5c119687037986016f981c651e712f27d984010f4812b662d4aee3eb831 This resource talks about a mechanical ventilation technique that is utilized in the ICU. It is a treatment for patients suffering from respiratory failure. Nevertheless, the method has various complications and risks related to its use. It is, therefore, recommended that patients using this type of therapy should be monitored daily. Monitoring daily is paramount to establish preparedness to perform early extubation and safeguard against possible fatal ventilator-associated problems. The document suggests that using ‘VAP-bundle’ may minimize the infection rate. It talks about a 5-element Institute

Characters in Two Kinds Essay Example for Free

Characters in Two Kinds Essay Both, Madame Loisel and the daughter from two kinds, find themselves in similar situations. The situations seem different but in reality they arent, as both of them are expected to do certain things, the only different is that the daughter from to kinds in forced to do thing and Madame Loisel just feel like she had to do or to have a certain thing. The difference in the expectations between the two characters, is made by making one character want a certain thing, and the other to be forces to do something. So in other words one of the characters is wants to have certain thing and feels like the society expects the character to have these things. And the other one is made or forces by on other person or character from the story to do certain things, and is expected of certain things. The daughter is the forces character this is because the mother makes her do what she doesnt want to. Her mother tries to make he a wonder kid and to change the way the daughter is. The mother tries to make her daughter a wonder kid and the daughter starts to respond in a way that she just doesnt care. Then in some time the daughter be really tiered of the testes that the mother is making her that and the fact that the mother is trying to change her. And so, she starts to take short cut, and with the only intention to stay the way she it, the stops listening to her mother, doesnt pay intention at the piano lessens. On the other hand there is Madame Loisel, which is a character that just feels that it is her duty to be what the society expects of all women. She feels that she has to be in the high class, that she is worth a lot and that all because of her beauty should adore her. She also had an opinion that if she wants something she has to get it or it is the end of the world. In addition, her believe is that her just deserve, also for whom she is, expensive cloths, and expensive necklace. Both of the characters respond very similar to their pressures and expectation that they are faced in the story line. The daughter responds by not agreeing to her mother and by trying to do the opposite of what she is told to do and in addition, she doesnt listen nor try her best at the test that her mother makes her face. and a bit similar, Madame Loisel responds to  the expectations of society in a way that she just wants something and if she doesnt get it its the end of the world, as if she just is the centre of the world and that she deserves all. So in other words she believes that she is worthy of having the best of the best. Then furthermore, both of the characters change in the end of their own stories. Madame Loisel becomes more realistic about life and gets a true self-esteem for what she had actually achieved. And in addition she loses her opinion that everything that she gets or receives is granted. Then, the daughter listens to her mother in the end of the story and starts playing the piano. As a conclusion both of the characters result in the same position in other words both of the characters are dramatic characters. This is because their view and their characteristics change and became completely different in the end of the story. Madame Loisel changes in a way that she becomes more aver of life and stops taking everything for granted. The daughter also changes to the positive site as she in the end of the story starts playing the piano and in other words listens.

Uniting the Nation: Everyone Needs a Tattoo :: Solutions Papers Proposal Essays

Uniting the Nation: Everyone Needs a Tattoo   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I think I was sixteen when I first wanted to get a tattoo, but then again I also wanted to get my ear pierced and die my hair blue. Well I'm eighteen now, my hair is red, well the red it’s been since I've had hair and neither of my ears are pierced but I did end up getting that tattoo. In fact I also got him a friend. Now I'm stuck with two of them, but I don't have any regrets, not yet anyway.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The plan for getting a tattoo was mine and my friend's. We said that on graduation night we'd do it, but I wasn't eighteen yet so we never did. My friend’s desire faded, but mine seemed to stay constant. I always planned on it but never had the bucks or the time. That's what I said atleast. The truth was I never had the nerve. But who can blame me? That's quite the plunge. There is no going back with this one. So I came up with a plan. A plan to make sure I wouldn't back out again. I told a girl. I invited her to come and ogle me while I get my body marked for life. With a chick looking on what am going to do? "No I'm sorry. I decided not to purchase." I don't think so. So I picked her up and we were off to the tattoo parlor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We got in and looked around for a good long while. Finally some one came up and asked if he could help us. It was pretty good customer relations for the type of business. I told him that I wanted to get a tattoo, and had a design that I drew up. The day before that same guy gave me an estimation of eighty dollars for my design, so I made sure to mention that so that the price wouldn't rise while he was looking at it. He said okay, and went behind the counter to trace the design on special paper that puts an ink on your skin. When that happens the artist can trace the pattern instead of just doing something free hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My pattern was something very close to me. Something that I thought about long and hard. Its a red spider on a black web.

Self-Recognition and Embarrassment :: essays research papers

Self-Recognition and Embarrassment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our group’s task was to measure self-recognition and embarrassment in children ages 1-3. We had 3 children to work with, Arika was 9 months, Charlotte was 17 months and Lydia was 28 months old. We preformed 3 tasks on these children. The first was the â€Å"Overcompliment situation†. Secondly, we did the â€Å"Mirror situation† and last we did the â€Å"Request to dance situation†. Our findings in these situations lead us to some conclusions about self-awareness and feeling embarrassed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The procedure we used was a fairly simple one, but it needed to be followed to get accurate results. The first task we did was the Overcompliment situation. With the hidden video camera running, we played with the children for a few minutes so they could get as used to us as they would in that short period of time. Then we proceeded to give them compliment after compliment, for example; â€Å"you are so pretty†, â€Å"good job†, â€Å"you’re doing great†. After doing this you should feel a little embarrassed yourself. This task is used to see how the child reacts to the barrage of compliments. If they keep playing as they were, make eye contact periodically, they most likely weren’t embarrassed. But if they keep their head down away from the experimenter or have a silly, self-conscious smile they probably are embarrassed. Our first Overcompliment experiment was with Charlotte. She showed no reaction to Kellie giving her numerous compliments; she just played without even looking at her. This does not necessarily mean that Charlotte had no feelings about Kellie’s compliments; in fact it probably means that she was more embarrassed than anything. When it was Lydia’s turn to go Mia and I watched her play for a few minutes, then began the onslaught of compliments. Lydia didn’t even acknowledge the fact that we were speaking to her. I think she did realize that we were saying how good she was doing and because of that she played more aggressively. She never looked at either of us, she never looked to her mother for comfort or to see why these people were saying these things to her, she just kept playing with her trains. Table 1 Age in months  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reaction 21-24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ¾ of all children 20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was common, but not expected 15-18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ¼ of all children 9-12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No children reacted   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second task was the mirror situation. This experiment was first done by R. Amsterdam in 1972 on Chimpanzees.

Good teacher Essay

If I were to describe one of my teachers that I have had throughout these years, the one who I considered a good teacher is my present English teacher. The reasons why I would like to characterize my English teacher are various. Firstly, she’s well to take responsibility. She came to teach punctually. Especially, she always keeps in touch with us to try hard to study by her homework for every day. She speaks English fluently, and her voice is so loud that can make students in the class easy to listen. Actually, when we tired, she always tells jokes that always keep us smiling. Secondly, she’s been teaching for long time, so she’s got many experiences. I like the way she pronounce clearly. Moreover, I could say she is a good explainer but she also gives her best in order to help students to improve their knowledge in English. She likes to correct us each time we make mistakes both in pronunciation and grammar. Thirdly, she’s a work hard teacher. She always do a research more new documents for  the students to easy to get understand. And she also got some music lyrics, puzzle, or any other to relax at the weekend or after exam. Sometimes, she looks strong-mined to make us to try hard to study but I know that inside she’s very kind, polite and honest. In conclusion, I can say that, her lectures are well organized, interesting and her methods of teaching us demonstrate the desirable teaching method for our use. I thought that I’m very lucky that I’ve met a very good teacher like her.

Accessibility of Mobile Phone HTC Hero by visually impaired people The WritePass Journal

Accessibility of Mobile Phone HTC Hero by visually impaired people Abstract Accessibility of Mobile Phone HTC Hero by visually impaired people Abstract1. IntroductionIn this report I will investigate the issues that visually impaired people are facing when using human computer interfaces, especially with the touch screen phone HTC Hero.1.1 Physical factors associated with visually impaired people and impact on the use of technologyMaking the most of technology can have a very positive impact, helping people who are blind and partially sighted to increase their independence and more importantly feel and be as equal as normal sighted people.1.2 What is accessibility?1.3 Considerations of human physical factors when developing a mobile phone for a visually impaired person2. Review of HTC Hero2.1 Usability testing (the Heuristic evaluation)   2.1.2. Hardware2.1.2 Software2.1.3. Services2.2 Nielsens Ten Usability Heuristics3. Personal suggested improvements3.1 Audio Input and Output3.2 Tactile Input and Output3.3 Touch screen advances3.4 Introduce Mobile Magnifier3.5 Follow W3C Guidelines for Mobile Web Services4. Conclusion5. ReferencesRelated Abstract Touch screen technology has progressed a lot in the past few years and introduced a wave of various new touch screen based devices. Most of the touch screens are still not accessible to blind users, who have to take on various other ways to use them and to make them accessible. Touch screens are inaccessible to the people with visual impairment because the human computer interface technique involves the user to visually locate objects on the screen and they do not provide verbal output to communicate where controls are located on the screen or what control the user has selected. 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to evaluate the accessibility of the HTC Hero mobile phone for visually impaired people, in particular people that have totally lost their vision (referred as blind people) and people with partially lost vision (referred as partially sighted people or partially blind). ‘The World Health Organization (WHO) defines blindness as severe sight loss, where a person is unable to see clearly how many fingers are being held up at a distance of 3m (9.8 feet) or less, even when they are wearing glasses or contact lenses. However, someone who is blind may still have some degree of vision’. Also the‘ WHO defines partial sightedness as where a person cannot clearly see how many fingers are being held up at a distance of 6m (19 feet) or less, even when they are wearing glasses or contact lenses’. The HTC Hero has touch screen technology as the main means to input and output information. Additional issues for accessibility have been brought in as touch screen technology is being introduced to interfaces. In this report I will investigate the issues that visually impaired people are facing when using human computer interfaces, especially with the touch screen phone HTC Hero. 1.1 Physical factors associated with visually impaired people and impact on the use of technology People with total or partial blindness have decreased ability to perform the activities of daily living. Total and partial blindness affect a persons ability to read, to determine the colour of items, and general day to day activities. These people must rely on memory or depend on someone else for help. Visually impaired people rely on the technology to make their daily living easier. As visually impaired people can’t see where they walk, they run the risk of falling down much more than sighted people, therefore having mobile phone can be potentially life saver. Also, visually impaired people are less likely to be doing activities like normal sighted people, so having a mobile phone is like their eyes to the world i.e. they can reach out to people at any time and feel less isolated. The technology can help visually impaired people interact with others and communicate more effectively. Also the technology can enable visual impaired people to have more access to information, become more independent and achieve their individual aims and goals in life. The market is flooded with a variety of mobile phones, but not all of them are easily usable by people with visual impairments. It is important that technology should assist visually impaired people of all ages. Making the most of technology can have a very positive impact, helping people who are blind and partially sighted to increase their independence and more importantly feel and be as equal as normal sighted people. 1.2 What is accessibility? According to Gnome, ‘Accessibility means helping people with disabilities to participate in substantial life activities. That includes work and the use of services, products, and information’. From the definition, the understanding is that accessibility is the level to which something is accessible or usable by people with disabilities. For information technology, accessibility will mean people with disabilities be able to use software, hardware and other services that are designed and available for sighted people. Software, hardware and other services should be universally designed. Article 2 from The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, says that: Universal design means the design of products, environments, programmes and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. â€Å"Universal design† shall not exclude assistive devices for particular groups of persons with disabilities where this is needed. 1.3 Considerations of human physical factors when developing a mobile phone for a visually impaired person If we compare the mobile phones from a decade ago to todays phones, we notice that mobile phones are getting more and more complicated. In the past, all input was done via a keypad which could have been used by visually impaired people, because keypads had raised dot or raised bar on the 5 key which made it easy for visually impaired person to navigate and dial a number. Nowadays, with most mobile phones we use a touch screen or buttons and interact at any time; we can browse the internet, check our emails, take pictures and chat with friends. A visually impaired person will not be able to see the screen of the mobile phone, or navigate through the touch phone’s screen. It appears that as we are getting more advanced in the technology of mobile phones the accessibility has not improved at the same rate as the advancement in the technology. A visually impaired person cannot read the screen, cannot input information or read the output on a touch screen, and there isn’t an audible device to inform where they are navigating or have touched the phone. Therefore it is very important when developing mobile phones to take into account that visually impaired people can hear, can feel different surfaces with their fingers, but cannot read and navigate via a touch screen. 2. Review of HTC Hero The HTC Hero is a small, all-in-one device that is used for communication and computing functions. It enables us to choose the applications we want to install and use, as well as personalize the range of applications to suit our needs. Picture 1: Main Screen of HTC Hero mobile phone. Source: www.htc.com/www/product/hero/overview.html (Accessed 12 Feb 2011) We can note from the main screen of the HTC Hero mobile phone (See Picture 1) that the standard keypad has been omitted and touch screen technology is used, the human computer interaction is done by touching the screen for input and output. For a person to be able to make even a phone call on HTC Hero they need to see where on the screen they are touching; in other terms, the user of the phone interacts directly by seeing what they are touching. 2.1 Usability testing (the Heuristic evaluation) The international standard ISO 9241 Part 11 (www.iso.org) defines usability as; â€Å"The extent to which a product or system can be used by users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use† Based on this definition for usability, the further understanding is that is a system or product is not accessible, consequentially is not usable to the set of users that are unable to access it. Below is a brief heuristic evaluation of the HTC Hero mobile phone, to determine if it is accessible to a visually impaired person. The heuristic evaluation is broken into three sections: Hardware Software Services    2.1.2. Hardware Hardware is the physical mobile phone Picture 2: HTC Hero. Source: engadget.com/2009/07/23/htc-hero-review/ (Accessed 12 Feb 2011) The HTC Hero is very slim, light in weight, and can be held in the palm. The phone has definite shape and definite front/back/top/bottom to inform us which way round it should be used. The visual information displayed on the main screen is in immediate contrast with the background and is clear, but visually impaired person will not be able to see it. The phone has a white track ball (see arrow on Pic. 2) and touchpad. The track ball enables movement between screens and selects some services. A visually impaired person will not be able to see on which application or screen the trackball has stopped. The HTC Hero has 6 buttons located on the bottom of the phone, their colour is in contrast with the immediate background, and a visually impaired person by touching will recognize that there are buttons. The buttons are easy to press and have a positive â€Å"click† feel when pressed (although no noise is heard), which means that a visually impaired person will know they have pressed a button but not know the output function of the button pressed as there is no Braille labeling of buttons. A visually impaired person will not be able to see that the HTC Hero is compatible with other devices such as USB cable and Wi-Fi and there are no instructions in alternative media (such as Braille or audio). 2.1.2 Software The HTC Hero supports input and output via the touchpad. The input and output methods are via touchpad and they restrain the blind or partially sighted user from accessing the mobile phone. The software does not play an audible sound when an action is committed such as pressing a button, and the visually impaired person will not know on what is the function of the button pressed. The software does have speakerphone functionality, however the visually impaired person will not know how to access and navigate it. The HTC Hero does not have tactile input or output, such as Braille, to assist visually impaired users. 2.1.3. Services Services represent applications that can be accessed by touching an icon on the screen (See picture 3). Picture 3: HTC Hero applications and services. Source: engadget.com/2009/07/23/htc-hero-review/ (Accessed 12 Feb 2011) If the user wants to make a phone call they need to touch an icon on the screen (see arrow on Picture 3) and HTC hero will display list of all contacts. (See Picture 5). Picture 4: HTC Hero – List of Contacts and numerical keyboard. Source: www.htc.com/www/product/hero/overview.html (Accessed 12 Feb 2011) From pictures 3 and 4, it is noticeable that the input commands are on a touch screen, and the visually impaired person will not be able to use these functions on the smartphone HTC Hero. The HTC Hero doesn’t have audio, Braille controls or magnifier to navigate to assist the visually impaired person to select an application or service such as the web services. Also, the web services have not been designed following the W3C guidelines for Mobile Web Best Practices. 2.2 Nielsens Ten Usability Heuristics (Taken from Nielsens website www.useit.com ) Visibility of system status Match between system and the real world User control and freedom Consistency and standards Error prevention Recognition rather than recall Flexibility and efficiency of use Aesthetic and minimalist design Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors Help and documentation 3. Personal suggested improvements The HTC Hero has excluded tactile information and there is a lack of facilities to enable visually impaired people to access the information displayed on the touch screen. There is also a lack of audible input and output which makes it inaccessible to visually impaired people. Below are several personal suggestions that could improve the accessibility and usability of the HTC Hero for visually impaired people: 3.1 Audio Input and Output Introducing a form of Audio Input and Output functionality to the software will make an enormous difference to the HTC Hero. One suggestion would be a system where the user can press an icon on the touchpad and the phone audibly informs the user which icon the have pressed and navigates them to the next logical steps. 3.2 Tactile Input and Output Adding tactile input and output functionality to the HTC Hero could potentially help visually impaired people. The system should have the option to switch Braille on and off. Although Braille literacy is very low in number (only 2% of UK blind people can read Braille) this functionality within the software should not be omitted. 3.3 Touch screen advances A major improvement on touch screen accessibility would be made by adopting the audio-haptic interface techniques to allow non-visual access to touch screen appliances, as suggested per Vanderheiden’s Talking Fingertip Technique (Vanderheiden 2010). The Talking Fingertip Technique is a touch screen that speaks the descriptive names of the controls as the user accesses the screen by touch. 3.4 Introduce Mobile Magnifier Adding an assisted device such as a Mobile Magnifier would help partially sighted people on touch screen phone of the HTC Hero. The mobile magnifier enlarges and enhances the readability of the screen. 3.5 Follow W3C Guidelines for Mobile Web Services The HTC Hero could adopt the W3C Guidelines for developing Mobile Web Services to improve the accessibility for visually impaired people. 4. Conclusion In this report I have investigated the issues of accessibility faced by visually impaired people when using human computer interface, in particular the touch screen mobile phone. I have used the example of the HTC Hero mobile phone for a case study of accessibility and usability. I have evaluated it against the current accessibility and usability guidelines. During my research, I have found several issues that should be addressed if the HTC Hero is to become accessible and usable by visually impaired people. These issues include a lack of usage of assisted devices such as: audio input and output tactile input and output magnifier for visually impaired people not following the W3C Guidelines for Mobile Web Services I have suggested several improvements to the HTC Hero that can be made by using existing technology. These suggestions for improvements include following W3C guidelines for improving accessibility for mobile phones, introducing audio input and output, tactile input and output, adoption the Vanderheiden’s Talking Fingertip Technique and possibly the adoption of mobile magnifier. Hopefully, these suggestions will help developers to add accessibility to their applications in a way that is straight forward for the developer and intuitive for the user. 5. References Definition for blindness and partial blind: nhs.uk/conditions/Visual-impairment/Pages/Introduction.aspx   (Last Accessed 12 Feb 2011). Definition of Accessibility, Gnome: http://library.gnome.org/devel/accessibility-devel-guide/stable/gad.html.en (Last Accessed 12 Feb 2011). Definition of usability: iso.org/iso/ (Last Accessed 12 Feb 2011). Mobile Magnifier, sightandsound.co.uk/products/?category=1subcat=31minorcat=8 (Last Accessed 27 Feb 2011). Pictures1, 2 3: www.htc.com/www/product/hero/overview.html (Last Accessed 12 Feb 2011). Picture 4: engadget.com/2009/07/23/htc-hero-review/ (Last Accessed 12 Feb 2011). Statistics about Braille literacy: webbie.org.uk/webbie.htm (Last Accessed 26 Feb 2011). UN convention for the rights of people with disabilities: un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml (Last Accessed 26 Feb 2011). Use of audio-haptic interface (Vanderheiden) http://trace.wisc.edu/docs/touchscreen/chi_conf.htm (Last Accessed 27 Feb 2011). W3C guidelines for Mobile w3.org/TR/mobile-bp/   (Last Accessed 27 Feb 2011).

Free Essays on Y2K Bugged

Y2K Bugged - What Happened? Were Y2K remediation efforts a big waste of time and money for corporate America? The answer looks to be a resounding no. Network professionals have reported a host of benefits they will enjoy in 2000 and beyond because of IT inventories, business analysis and system testing completed under the umbrella of Y2K preparedness. Overall, the U.S. spent more than $100 billion fixing the Y2K problem since 1995, according to John Koskinen, the federal government's Y2K czar. He estimates that the rest of the world spent an additional $100 billion to repair and replace computer systems and networks in preparation for the millennium date change. The investments appear to have been wise. While many government agencies and companies experienced minor Y2K-related glitches, no significant system outages occurred over New Year's weekend. And although it is still early to declare absolute victory over Y2K, date-change problems expected during the next few weeks and months will likely be nuisances rather than business-crippling matters. The lesson we have learned. As IT executives close up their command centers, they are putting together the lessons they have learned from the Y2K drill. They say one of the biggest advantages is Y2K forced them to thoroughly inventory and document IT systems and networks. "We were able to conduct a very intensive inventory of all our systems," says Lyn McDermid, chief information officer of Virginia Power in Richmond, Va. "As a result of that, we have eliminated quite a few redundant applications, and we eliminated systems that were obsolete. That should reduce our support costs. "We were also able to introduce some new technology and jump-start our Web development. We feel that we really did get ancillary benefits from Y2K." Similarly, Prudential Insurance created strategic inventories of its software, hardware and business partners. Irene Dec, Prudential's Y2K program ma... Free Essays on Y2K Bugged Free Essays on Y2K Bugged Y2K Bugged - What Happened? Were Y2K remediation efforts a big waste of time and money for corporate America? The answer looks to be a resounding no. Network professionals have reported a host of benefits they will enjoy in 2000 and beyond because of IT inventories, business analysis and system testing completed under the umbrella of Y2K preparedness. Overall, the U.S. spent more than $100 billion fixing the Y2K problem since 1995, according to John Koskinen, the federal government's Y2K czar. He estimates that the rest of the world spent an additional $100 billion to repair and replace computer systems and networks in preparation for the millennium date change. The investments appear to have been wise. While many government agencies and companies experienced minor Y2K-related glitches, no significant system outages occurred over New Year's weekend. And although it is still early to declare absolute victory over Y2K, date-change problems expected during the next few weeks and months will likely be nuisances rather than business-crippling matters. The lesson we have learned. As IT executives close up their command centers, they are putting together the lessons they have learned from the Y2K drill. They say one of the biggest advantages is Y2K forced them to thoroughly inventory and document IT systems and networks. "We were able to conduct a very intensive inventory of all our systems," says Lyn McDermid, chief information officer of Virginia Power in Richmond, Va. "As a result of that, we have eliminated quite a few redundant applications, and we eliminated systems that were obsolete. That should reduce our support costs. "We were also able to introduce some new technology and jump-start our Web development. We feel that we really did get ancillary benefits from Y2K." Similarly, Prudential Insurance created strategic inventories of its software, hardware and business partners. Irene Dec, Prudential's Y2K program ma...

Example of Effective Communication in a Business Environment essay

Example of Effective Communication in a Business Environment essay Example of Effective Communication in a Business Environment essay Example of Effective Communication in a Business Environment essayCommunication is an essential part of human life and has a notable impact on all spheres of human life. In business, communication plays a key role in all types of interactions: top-down interactions, bottom-up interactions, interactions of two equal parties, negotiations, etc (Hartley Bruckmann, 2008). All three types of communications are important for business written communications, verbal communications and expressed communications, also referred to as body language (Hartley Bruckmann, 2008). Business performance and outcomes strongly depend on the effectiveness of communication, because all business transactions include the transmission of information between various stakeholders.One example of effective communication in a business environment took place when I assisted a top manager who was responsible for negotiating with suppliers. I was present at the negotiations and provided various assistance to the top manager. The top managers way of conducting the negotiations and his methods of communication were very efficient.The purpose of the negotiations was to achieve an agreement on the terms and pricing of supplying spare parts for automobiles. The top managers goal was to get discounts or to convince suppliers to offer lower prices; furthermore, it was desirable to reach an agreement that would allow our company to pay for the spare parts after the parts were shipped. Initially, it seemed that it would not be possible to achieve the goals of the communication because the initial conditions offered by the suppliers included higher prices and required sending payment before the orders were assembled and prepared for shipping. However, the top manager managed to convince the suppliers to provide 5-8% discounts for bulk orders. Furthermore, the agreement between our company and suppliers allowed for 80% of payment to be sent after the order was actually shipped.In my opinion, the communic ation was very effective because the top manager managed to move ahead on each objective of the negotiations, so the new agreement created notable financial benefits for our company compared to the previous conditions. In addition, such agreement allowed to set lower prices for our customers, therefore gaining a market advantage over competitors.I believe that the communication was effective because of the following reasons. First of all, the top manager was very well-prepared for the conversation and remembered a lot of market information that he used to convince the suppliers. For example, he made a comparative analysis of the conditions offered by other suppliers and showed the projected order volumes to the suppliers. The second factor contributing to the success of the communications was the focus on win-win solutions: the top manager analyzed the situation from the point of view of the other party (the suppliers, in this case), and clearly demonstrated the advantages of reachi ng an agreement with our company on their side. The third factor that made these negotiations effective was the top managers attentiveness to the reactions and arguments of the other party; the top manager did not push on the supplier representatives to get maximal discount or maximal payment delay, but instead worked together with them to create a mutually convenient solution.According to Hartley and Bruckmann (2008), the effectiveness of communication can be evaluated using five criteria: communication fidelity (preciseness), economy (compact use of symbols, time and energy), congruence (the match between verbal and non-verbal signals), influence (the communicators ability to change the decisions of the other party) and relationship building (creation of trust and improvement of relationships due to communications). In terms of this criteria, the top manager was successful in at least four categories: fidelity the top managers communication was up to the point and informative, co ngruence his nonverbal signals demonstrated confidence and supported his strong position, influence the representatives of the supplier were impressed by the arguments and took them into account, and relationship building   the other party demonstrated respect and positively perceived the results of the negotiations.

The Rule of Self-Reliance in the Nineteenth Century Literature Essay

The Rule of Self-Reliance in the Nineteenth Century Literature - Essay Example The paper will discuss four points: an emphasis on interrelationships, separation of self-sufficiency from isolation, and solitude from loneliness, and the authors’ implication of preserving individuality. Humanity is said to be interconnected with one another, but in the nineteenth century, many of literary works have secluded this concept and embraced self-reliance. Thoreau, Emerson, and Douglass are some of those who have triggered the mindset of readers that self-reliance is not a hindrance to manhood. Starting with Thoreau, his line, â€Å"be sure that you give the poor the aid they most need† (Thoreau 61), suggests that everyone should help those in need. Walden by Thoreau clearly states his life lessons wherein he implies that despite self-reliance, people still need each other (Fletcher-Spear 59). From this point, it can be said that people need each other to survive. Also, a line from Emerson’s Self-Reliance depicts that one â€Å"cannot be happy and st rong until he too lives with nature† (Emerson 11). This is one of his most spiritually satisfying lines implicating that everyone is interconnected and interrelated (Gowler 76). With this in mind, Emerson tends to emphasize that happiness is unattainable unless people never understand that life must be lived alone. Furthermore, Douglass also embedded such a notion in a line in his Narrative stating that if only every master would teach his or her slave how to read â€Å"he would at once become†¦no value to his master† (Douglass 107). What Douglass tries to implicate is that education, literacy, and reason are significant for slaves who strive for emancipation and their masters can be the sole provider of such needs (Kohn 499; Radloff 84). From his piece, he emphasizes that even less-fortunate people in this world, such as slaves, and their respective masters have interrelationships, either it may be for the good of both, or for the benefit of only one party. Altoge ther, the three authors have unique approaches on emphasizing the interrelationships of individuals based on their experiences. Their principles clearly suggest that there is really no man in an island, and everyone needs one another in order to survive. In terms of self-sufficiency and isolation, from this line, â€Å"I lived alone†¦in a house which I had built myself† (Thoreau 5), Thoreau implies self-sufficiency as he can live without the help of anybody, and he separated the idea of isolation from using another line, â€Å"...in my neighborhood† (Thoreau 17). Thoreau emphasizes that self-sufficiency can be seen from living in isolation, but he separated the idea of isolation as he depicted that his neighbors live far from his location and the idea of self-sufficiency as he can construct his own house without the help of his neighbors. In this respect, Thoreau’s practical approach clearly separates self-sufficiency from isolation by means of being practi cal (qtd. in Bodily 213). Also, Emerson’s line, â€Å"a man is to carry himself in the presence of all opposition† (Emerson 4) depicts a clear division of self-sufficiency from isolation because he depicted nothing about being isolated; instead, he implied an optimistic perception that one can stand alone even if others attempt to oppose (Gowler 76). Emerson tends to imply that self-sufficiency can be referred to standing in one’s own principles even if others oppose--this opposition is an exemplary of

What role does smoking prevention play in adolescence before adulthood Research Paper

What role does smoking prevention play in adolescence before adulthood and addiction to smoking - Research Paper Example A better understanding of factors associated with adolescent readiness to quit smoking prior to receiving any intervention may provide guidance when tailoring future MI interventions to increase their effectiveness with this population. Proposing of this study was to examine if the majority of adolescents believed that smokers agreed and felt that smoking was addictive and may cause death. All seemed of the opinion that this was for most people who are smoking. When nailing down the optimism viewpoint that adolescents were equally of the opinion that they would not die from smoking. Nonsmokers were of the opinion they would die from smoking. Overwhelming, the adolescents who did not smoke thought that the people who smoked for 30 to 40 years would die from smoking. Most of the people questioned believed they could smoke for a certain number of years and quit. Adolescents agree that smoking was addictive. What role does smoking prevention play in adolescence before adulthood and addic tion to smoking? 1. Rationale Preventing smoking and to help adolescents quit smoking have been met with limited success. This is a preventable disease. Smoking is the number one cause of death in the United States. The purpose of the study was to show that there remains a great deal of optimism when visiting with adolescences while they filled questionnaires (Apodaca, 2003). Smokers are more optimistic about not dying from smoking behaviors than non-smokers. The hypothesis would state, does motivational interviewing (MI) tailoring future MI interventions to increase their effectiveness with this adolescence population in the role of smoking prevention. In the health care field, nurses are much in demand. Nurses compared to doctors are about four to one. Nurses continue to contribute to critical inpatient care. They are in demand in outpatient care, central to palliative, hospice, home, and long-term institutions (AMA, 2009). The general purpose of nursing is to deliver excellent ca re to each patient through the management of resources and to maintain a professional work environment. The purpose of nursing is also to maintain a professional work environment that ensures the nursing association is competent and has a high satisfaction rate. This plays right into the necessity that nurses will experience diseases from smoking and that smoking prevention plays an important role to adolescence behavior (AMA, 2009). Prevention of illness and promotion of health always have been important to the nursing profession. A recent Gallop Organization reported that Americans rate nurses at the top of that professional list (Gallop, 2009). Florence Nightingale saw as far back as 1859 that nursing consisted of those activities that put the patient in the best condition that nature can act upon that patient. The added goal of today can be to restore the patient's independence. Nurse's work has much to do with immunization, education, environmental safety and disease screening (White, 2010). Our hypothesis is nurses can assist with motivational interviewing (MI) tailoring future MI interventions in to increase their effectiveness with this adolescence population in the role of smoking prevention. Because the nursing organization must already perform five functions, it makes sense that a nurse would help with this provision of excellent adolescent patient care. Nursing also provides the bulk of patient and family education and much of the community health education. Therefore, motivational interviewing (MI) could be the first step in any intervention of the adolescence population in a brief smoking intervention in a hospital setting which adolescents

CRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

CRM - Essay Example Companies use BI in; surfacing new opportunities, cutting costs and identifying inefficient processes that need of re-engineering. Challenges that come with BI can be avoided if the data that are fed to BI application is clean and consistent. A good example of BI tool used worldwide is Microsoft Excel since it permits users to calculate, present and display numerical data; however, it is a poor BI tool (ZIFF DAVIS 2). Both large organizations and SMBs benefit from using BI technology. SMBs can greatly utilize low-cost, easy-to-use, easy-to-deploy BI options. Some examples are; desktop-analysis tools, quick-to-deploy software-as-a-service and scaled-down suites. BI tools become friendly to SMBs through novel technologies in the form of open source, Web 2.0 interface, new visualization technology and in-memory technology. The crucial BI-jargon are; analytics, benchmarking, Business performance management (BPM), predictive analytics, complex event processing, data mining and online analytical processing (OLAP) (ZIFF DAVIS 4). SMBs should take advantage of Business Intelligence. However, SMBs are challenged from achieving this dream becomes of slim technology budgets and limited IT support. To counter the above, some vendors have developed no cost and low-cost tools other vendors focus on midsize markets while big players provide scaled-down BI suites. BI tools are increasingly acquiring the characteristics of being affordable, fast to deploy and easy to use (ZIFF DAVIS

Baffin Region, Pond Inlet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Baffin Region, Pond Inlet - Research Paper Example 1). The Atlas of Canada places its coordinates at 70 ° 18’ 46† North 112 ° 1’ 6† West. The Baffin Region forms part of Nunavut (OECD p. 26). The region, especially Baffin Island, was covered by ice about 10,000 years ago but ice began melting a thousand years later in the Gulf of Boothia and Hudson Strait , 7,000 years ago in the Foxe basin area and 5,000 years ago freed the entire island from ice except in the area between its two snowcaps. The first colonizers of the island were the Paleo-Eskimos and a good portion of it was deemed to have been part of the pre-Dorset and Dorset culture development. It was officially founded by Martin Frobisher in 1577-1578 but it was William Baffin who christened it with its present name in 1616 (Nutall 2004 p. 193). As of 2007, the Baffin Region had a population of 15,765 most of it settling in Iqaluit, the capital city of Nunavut. Baffin Region’s population constitutes more than half of the total population of Nunavut (see table 1) (Henderson 2007 pp. 25-26). It has 15 communities, most of which can be found in Table 1 with their respective population and Figure 1 (Henderson 2007 pp. 25-26). Of the total population 8,165 are males and 7,605 are females. The following is a breakdown of the population by age: 0-9 years old, 3405; 10-19 years old, 3295; 20-39 years old, 5150; 40-59 years old, 3245, and; 59 and above, 1295. Out of the total population only 295 persons are immigrants; 12,610 are aboriginals. There are a total of 4,405 private dwellings in the Region breakdown as follows: 910, owned; 3495, rented (Statistics Canada 2010). The Region forms part of the so-called Canadian or Davis Shield, a long expanse of bare, eroded length of land that extends from the south of Ellesmere Island southeastward to northern Labrador. This shield is characterized by a lack of surficial deposits, its length disrupted only by hill tops (Atlas of Canada 2010; Nutall 2004 p. 192). Nuvanut has three

An evaluation of a successful media campaign for a 2009 film Essay

An evaluation of a successful media campaign for a 2009 film - Essay Example After two years Transformers 2 was released in the month of June 2009 to a highly receptive audience in Europe and North America. The film is based on the epic battle between two forces – Decepticons versus Autobots (Gale Reference Team,2007). The former is led by Starscream of Cybertron while the latter is led by Optimums. The whole story of the film revolves around one particular character, viz. Sam Witwicky. He is a human being caught up in the conflict because he has strange visitations from Cybertronians. Finally, the battle for the earth expands in to a battle for the universe and as expected, Decepticons are defeated by Autobots. Being a science fiction Transformers 2 has all the characteristics of both imaginable and unimaginable stretches of human perception (http://news-briefs.ew.com). What is so significant about the film is the notion that the earth and humans would be protected by an alien force against any possible attack by a more powerful civilization. As with any other science fiction involving heavy machines, Transformer 2 is also a slugfest among a variety of metallic machines that incidentally have names as human individuals would have (www.scifisquad.com). However there is one particular aspect of the film that cannot be brushed aside as mere imagination of Steven Spielberg. The psychology behind a universal battle is based on the thematic paradigm that pits the evil against the good. Spielberg has invariably identified both connotations and denotations of the remotest possibility, i.e. a war between two extraterrestrial forces over human affairs. In other words the existence of extraterrestrials is without logic; yet there are people who subscribe to the theory of extraterrestrials. The melodramatic characterization of fighting machines on the basis of quality attributes farfetched though, human imagination does not reject the possibility of a no-holds-barred slugfests

Baffin Region, Pond Inlet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Baffin Region, Pond Inlet - Research Paper Example 1). The Atlas of Canada places its coordinates at 70 ° 18’ 46† North 112 ° 1’ 6† West. The Baffin Region forms part of Nunavut (OECD p. 26). The region, especially Baffin Island, was covered by ice about 10,000 years ago but ice began melting a thousand years later in the Gulf of Boothia and Hudson Strait , 7,000 years ago in the Foxe basin area and 5,000 years ago freed the entire island from ice except in the area between its two snowcaps. The first colonizers of the island were the Paleo-Eskimos and a good portion of it was deemed to have been part of the pre-Dorset and Dorset culture development. It was officially founded by Martin Frobisher in 1577-1578 but it was William Baffin who christened it with its present name in 1616 (Nutall 2004 p. 193). As of 2007, the Baffin Region had a population of 15,765 most of it settling in Iqaluit, the capital city of Nunavut. Baffin Region’s population constitutes more than half of the total population of Nunavut (see table 1) (Henderson 2007 pp. 25-26). It has 15 communities, most of which can be found in Table 1 with their respective population and Figure 1 (Henderson 2007 pp. 25-26). Of the total population 8,165 are males and 7,605 are females. The following is a breakdown of the population by age: 0-9 years old, 3405; 10-19 years old, 3295; 20-39 years old, 5150; 40-59 years old, 3245, and; 59 and above, 1295. Out of the total population only 295 persons are immigrants; 12,610 are aboriginals. There are a total of 4,405 private dwellings in the Region breakdown as follows: 910, owned; 3495, rented (Statistics Canada 2010). The Region forms part of the so-called Canadian or Davis Shield, a long expanse of bare, eroded length of land that extends from the south of Ellesmere Island southeastward to northern Labrador. This shield is characterized by a lack of surficial deposits, its length disrupted only by hill tops (Atlas of Canada 2010; Nutall 2004 p. 192). Nuvanut has three

Concert Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Concert Report - Essay Example It seemed that even G.E.M herself was also surprised (Arrow, 2007). I cannot think of any song of G.E.M. that is totally loved and is not included in the set of songs she did. The bottom line of the argument is that G.E.M. is a very superb pop star and is one of the many talented singers in the world. One of the things that surprise a lot of people is that most of her concerts are subtitled though not in the English language that sounded so brightly (Timbre). From that I understood her style of impressionist that when she did her song in Cantonese, a mandarin translation of the lyrics was displayed. And when she did her mandarin songs, a Cantonese translation was displayed. The amazing thing was how accurate it followed the vocals of the G.E.M. on things she actually did in English was to cover Rolling in the Deep by artist Adele which she actually performed in the middle of the of the G.E.M. which in essence means keep everybody moving and this is basically the theme of her songs. G.E.M knew how to make her audience feel pleased. Most of her audiences were familiar with the genre of her song where in most cases; she used a symphony as she did her songs. She spent most part of the evening performing most of her popular songs from the competition for example her own bubbles and even the Beyond like you, David Huang,s You Make Me Drunk. I must also point out that G.E.M did a lot of her song using various dynamics for example drum solo during the show, played guitar on a song and even played piano on a song or two as well. To be fair, her drummer was also in harmony with the song that was played on the stage, playing with a consonant sound that she used when she did the drum solo. To speak the truth it was one of the hells in the show most probably because a lot of people slowly making their ways into the arena and as usual she dint want to begin hers show with a half of the audience present while others are absent. The show hit the ground at around

Benefits of Employee Collaboration Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Employee Collaboration Essay Within the modern workplace, there is an ongoing debate as to if traditional problem solving or employee collaboration produces the best results. Even though some people see employee collaboration as a waste of time, employee collaboration should be encouraged because not only can it benefit the company, it gives employees the opportunity to grow. When an employer encourages open collaboration with its employees in order to solve a problem, many positive outcomes can occur. In his article Improving Efficiency by Improving Employee Collaboration Brian Middle stated â€Å"Tasks can be completed more effectively since individuals are concentrating on areas that they are well versed in and not in areas they struggle with. † This thought process takes the pressure off of one individual to have all the answers to every problem in front of them. Yes, it is up to the person in charge to ultimately make the final choice as to how to handle a problem, but expecting them to have all the information at any given time is not good business practice. Bringing together a team to solve a problem creates an atmosphere of individual and company growth by giving each employee an opportunity to succeed, and having a more effective way of completing the tasks. At my own place of employment, a lot of the decisions are solely made by one individual on a day to day basis. This individual, while he is a fairly good leader is in no position to make choices concerning my work. As required by the state I live in, in order to perform my duties as a Wastewater Operator, a large amount of schooling and licensing must be obtained. With my job, I must make decisions about what to do when a large amount of rain has fallen in a short time frame. The process, in my opinion should be a combined decision by me, the other operator, and the Town Manager. The operators should be able to give him the vital information about what would happen with each scenario, our professional opinion as to how to best handle it, and then discuss it. This process would take roughly 10 – 15 minutes, and wouldn’t affect the overall plant performance. However, this is not the case. We are told what he wants us to do without our input, and this has at times led to bad outcomes. The mine-is-better habit seems to be the issue within our organization. Working with a lot of older gentlemen, I have noticed that any suggestion given to someone is immediately shot down due to egos. Instead of taking a little bit of time to review all the information from individuals with a more knowledgeable background on the subject, a decision is made from one persons point of view. Luckily, for all major decisions that do not need immediate attention; we have a Town Council who must put it to a vote. As simple as this seems it should be, there are some mine-is-better habits within the council as well. There are many routes I could take in order for my manager to overcome his habit of mine-is-better when making decisions. One of the approaches I can take would be to encourage him to take a moment to listen to what options we have, and how it would best suit him and the town to think things through. Giving him all of the information at hand, even if he hasn’t asked for it plants the seed within his own mind to consider everything before coming to a conclusion. The other option I can think of, is taking it solely out of his hands by involving the Department of Environmental Management. Having them simply explain to him that it is up to the operators themselves to draw the conclusion on what is best based upon the professional standing they have may help him realize that his way is not always the best way of doing things. The town I live in and work for would greatly benefit from open collaboration with its employees. Many of us our highly trained individuals, who take great pride in their field of choice. With so many different departments, no one person can expect to know how everything operates and works within the entire town. Many laws and regulations confront us daily while we perform even the simplest of tasks. Being able to talk to each other, to know how each decision made can affect the other departments and their processes can help us avoid unwanted extra paperwork and fines.

Development of Automatic Sunlight Tracking System

Development of Automatic Sunlight Tracking System Creations Automatic System of Tracking for Independent Concentrators of Sunlight J.Z.Akhadov1,*, A.A.Abdurahmanov1, M.S.Payzullaxanov1, A.A.Kuchkà Ã‚ °rov1, M.A.Mamatqosimov1, I.M.Saydumarov2, F.A.Giyasova2, T.S.Saidvaliev1 Abstract The new type of the solar gauge working by means of photo diodes SV-256 is developed. Thus accuracy of management of solar concentrators reception processes heated pair for development electricity and heat, and also hydrogen in a focal zone of concentrating systems completely provides. It was shown, that the system of tracking developed by us heliostat for trajectory the Sun has high accuracy. Linear changes of the center of a stain in dynamics makes only 2 mm that corresponds 30-80 angle to seconds. Such accuracy of tracking allows carrying out high-temperature researches in a focal zone of the concentrator. Keywords SolarPower Installation, Automatic System of Tracking, Solar Energy, the Solar Independent Combined Installation 1. Mirror Concentrating Systems One of problems of creation of concentrators of sunlight this maintenance of their orientation after visible movement of the Sun. Generally the problem of orientation of mirror concentrating systems (MCS) consists in maintenance of its such spatial position at which reflected from MCS beams constantly move on the receiver (see fig. 1). Figure 1. The Basic Scheme System of Tracking of Independent Solar Installations (The Sun- The Concentrator The Receiver) 1.1. Tracking Systems Till now are practically investigated accuracy of tracking MCS by means of optical gauges, including the size tolerance zones or a dead zone, together with accuracy the tracking’s provided with optical gauges, and also as a whole is investigated dynamics of change of corners of orientation MCS (including heliostat) within day and year, especially in the presence of overcast [1]. The problem consists that such solar gauges already grows old and not where in the world is not issued such gauges. Proceeding from it we developed new systems of tracking for solar installations with accuracy 1 angle/min. Such system of tracking copes very conveniently and easily. There are the following primary goals of orientation connected with two basic operating modes of system MCS the receiver. In the first scheme the receiver is established on MCS and moves together with it the mode of direct tracking and the second scheme the receiver is not connected with MCS and is usually motionless so-called heliostat operating mode MCS/1/. The literature analysis [2-3] shows, that generally for creation of control systems by orientation (tracking systems) both on the first and on the second following data are necessary for schemes: The equation of movement of object (in this case the equation of visible movement of the Sun); A range kinematic, dynamic, mechanical and accuracy characteristics of the rotary devices depending on their constructive scheme; Actually knowledge demanded accuracy and dynamic characteristics of control system MCS. Thus tracking systems can be divided on automatic and the programs the operated. The automated control system of tracking to classify to various signs: to destination, accuracy, a scope, an action principle etc. The basic problem consists that for individual using of independent solar installations is necessary simple system of tracking of the concentrator for the sun that not knowing what automatics and the computer any person operated system. For this purpose, the automated control systems of tracking of independent solar concentrators have developed the new scheme system of tracking by means of photo diodes SV-256 (fig. 2). Figure 2. Developed the Block of Management of Orientations MCS and Developed Solar the Gauge on the Basis of Photo Diodes SV-256 For maintenance specified above functions of management by orientation MCS should include following subsystems: the solar gauge, the executive mechanism providing turns MCS and including a reducer, a drive (electric motor); a control system including the block actually of management and the converter of signals, carrying out transformation and giving of signals on intensifying and executive mechanisms. 2. Solar Gauge The primary goal which the solar gauge as it has been specified above should carry out is binding MCS and its axes of rotation to local geographical to ordinates concerning which the law of movement of object of tracking (in our case of the Sun) can be usually certain. Developed by us the solar gauge consists of 4 photo diodes which is established one plate and divided into 4 blocks. 2.1. Solar Installations The developed automatic system of tracking of concentrators about accuracy 1 angle/min. also it is conducted tests in 1500 and 5000 W them solar installations. In further the developed system will be used in parabolic cylinder the concentrator the size 10ц¦10à Ã‚ ¼ (fig.3). Figure 3. A photo of the Developed Concentrator in diameter of 6 m The offered automated control system of tracking of independent solar concentrators with the new scheme of systems of tracking by means of photo diodes SV-256 has accuracy 30-80 angle. To seconds, tests are spent to 1,5 and 5 kW solar installations. 2.2. Models The solar power plant thermal capacity 1500 W consists from heliostatsand the sunlight concentrator. Heliostat directs solar beams on the concentrator in parallel in horizontal an axis. The parabolic concentrator reflects solar beams in focus. The tracking system is necessary for maintenance in focus of the concentrator of a stable power stream of a solar energy heliostat for the sun with high accuracy. Power light exposure of a focal zone of the concentrator it is possible allows to synthesize materials, and also to receive overheated steam for reception electric and thermal energy [4]. If the receiver has rather big thermal inertia its thermal mode will be close to stationary and development of energy or converter efficiency will be defined by an average for the period arrival of energy [5]. In a dynamic mode an average for the period Ï„ value of density of energy à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢efin a focal point A on an element of surface N, equally (1) where, à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ÃŽ ² density of a direct solar stream. With certain degree of approach the average for the period in a dynamic mode can be considered a system condition as some static condition in aim position, but with the seeming, effective parameter of accuracy heft. In effect, almost in all cases of natural research of solar power plants their power parameters resulted frequently without references to accuracy of tracking and considered as objective (that is received at exact by adjust on a source), carry actually effective (dynamic) character. On fig. 4. a, b are shown experimental works a deviation of the center of a stain from a focal point Ain working conditions of system of tracking heliostat on a day trajectory of the Sun. As shows the analysis at such accuracy of tracking heliostat on the Sun trajectory, the deviation of the center of a stain from a focal point essentially does not change (fig. 5). a) b) Figure 4. Changes of a Stain in a Focal Zone 1,5 à Ã… ¡W the Solar Furnace. Figure 5. Dependence of an Angular Deviation of a Stain on a Corner of Disclosing of The Concentrator at Various Linear Deviations 3. Conclusions Experimental and settlement works have shown that the system of tracking developed by us heliostat for trajectory the Sun has high accuracy (figs 4 and 5). Linear changes of the center of a stain in dynamics makes only 2 mm that corresponds 30 80 angle to seconds. Such accuracy of tracking allows carrying out high-temperature researches in a focal zone of the concentrator.

Germ Line Therapy :: Genetics Science Genes Papers

Germ Line Therapy When I was a student in elementary school I was first told about genetics. I was told that traits are passed from parents to offspring and that each parent contributes equally. Someday, I was told, parents will be able to go down to the corner drug store and pick out what kind of baby they want. They could pick things like blue eyes, high intelligence and could even pick out the sex of their child. At the time I was being told this I believed that I would see it in my lifetime. I expected that by the time I was having children I would be able to pick their traits. I was especially excited to think that my children would not inherit my genetic disease. I wasn’t quite sure how all of this would work, but I was curious to find out. As I progressed in my scholastic career I went on to learn more about genetics. I finally decided that genetics was the field of study that I wished to pursue in college. Once in college I learned that determining your child’s traits was not as easy as going down to the corner drug store and taking a pill, as I had imagined when I was a child. In fact determining most traits, such as eye and hair color was probably not even in the foreseeable future. What was involved I couldn’t even begin to understand as a freshman in college. The more I understood about molecular biology, the less feasible trait determination seemed. Then along came Dolly, the cloned sheep. For some time scientists have been pursuing the idea of germ line therapy. Germ line therapy is essentially alterations made to the germ cells. Germ cells are eggs, sperm and early embryos (Henzig 1998). Any manipulation to the germ line would be transferred to future generations. Any corrections made at this stage would not need to be made again in that person’s descendants. Traditional gene therapy on adult subjects is called somatic cell therapy. This type of gene therapy must be repeated for each affected person in succeeding generations (Svitil 1998). Dolly was an important discovery because she was the first animal to be created from an adult differentiated cell. This cloning technique made germ line research much easier. Adult cells are more abundant than embryonic cells, and there should be no objection to doing research on differentiated cells from an adult donor.

The Destruction of Macbeth :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At some point in the life of every individual, certain events and changes occur that shape the person into how they will behave and appear in the future. The life of an individual either starts to blossom with opportunity or starts going through a consistent downward spiral. How does it work out perfectly for some and go wrong for others? Macbeth is a prime example of how one decision can alter life forever. As Macbeth tries to successfully pursue his prophecies, his mind and body slowly deteriorate until he has nothing left to live for. Tillyard once explained that the human mind works through reason, will, and passion (Tillyard-The Elizabethan World Picture). These ideas are somewhat parallel to Macbeth’s actions. Once he begins feeling guilty of his actions, fearful of being caught, and driven to have total control, the motives of his mind are gradually moving from being thought out with reason, to will, and finally to passion. As Macbeth makes his desc ent into death, his passion to be king gradually takes control his whole being. At the lowest point of his existence there is no reason left inside him. His mind is so busy and crazy that he no longer has the ability to make thoughtful and insightful decisions. He goes from being a loyal and careful servant to a deceitful and scattered ruler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth’s path into insanity begins when Macbeth first hears the witches refer to him as the thane of Cawdor and reveal that he will be the king (1.3.51-53). The prediction makes no sense to him and the thought that Duncan would no longer be king leaves him completely confused and fearful of the future. When he does become the thane of Cawdor, however, he immediately wonders if his prediction could really speak the truth. Macbeth imagines the King being murdered and himself becoming king but immediately shows regret and tries to forget ever thinking such an absurd scene (1.3.164). His regret for imagining this along with logic and reason force him to decide that if the prophecies are meant to happen they will whether he gets involved or not: â€Å"If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me,/Without my stir†(1.3.155-156). Macbeth convinces himself that he will not interfere with the predictions at all. Despite his good intentions, when Dunc an crowns Malcolm as the Prince of Cumberland, giving him the title of future king, Macbeth acknowledges that this is an obstacle that interferes with his prophecy of being king: â€Å"The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step/On which I must fall down, or else o’er-leap,/For in my way it lies† (1. The Destruction of Macbeth :: essays research papers fc   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At some point in the life of every individual, certain events and changes occur that shape the person into how they will behave and appear in the future. The life of an individual either starts to blossom with opportunity or starts going through a consistent downward spiral. How does it work out perfectly for some and go wrong for others? Macbeth is a prime example of how one decision can alter life forever. As Macbeth tries to successfully pursue his prophecies, his mind and body slowly deteriorate until he has nothing left to live for. Tillyard once explained that the human mind works through reason, will, and passion (Tillyard-The Elizabethan World Picture). These ideas are somewhat parallel to Macbeth’s actions. Once he begins feeling guilty of his actions, fearful of being caught, and driven to have total control, the motives of his mind are gradually moving from being thought out with reason, to will, and finally to passion. As Macbeth makes his desc ent into death, his passion to be king gradually takes control his whole being. At the lowest point of his existence there is no reason left inside him. His mind is so busy and crazy that he no longer has the ability to make thoughtful and insightful decisions. He goes from being a loyal and careful servant to a deceitful and scattered ruler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth’s path into insanity begins when Macbeth first hears the witches refer to him as the thane of Cawdor and reveal that he will be the king (1.3.51-53). The prediction makes no sense to him and the thought that Duncan would no longer be king leaves him completely confused and fearful of the future. When he does become the thane of Cawdor, however, he immediately wonders if his prediction could really speak the truth. Macbeth imagines the King being murdered and himself becoming king but immediately shows regret and tries to forget ever thinking such an absurd scene (1.3.164). His regret for imagining this along with logic and reason force him to decide that if the prophecies are meant to happen they will whether he gets involved or not: â€Å"If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me,/Without my stir†(1.3.155-156). Macbeth convinces himself that he will not interfere with the predictions at all. Despite his good intentions, when Dunc an crowns Malcolm as the Prince of Cumberland, giving him the title of future king, Macbeth acknowledges that this is an obstacle that interferes with his prophecy of being king: â€Å"The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step/On which I must fall down, or else o’er-leap,/For in my way it lies† (1.

Impotance of Discipline Essay

Discipline is the basis of the whole universe. The Earth, the Sun, the Moon and other plane s, all are governed by a set of laws to maintain perfect harmony and beauty. There will be chaos without this order. Similarly, discipline is one of the basic requirements of a civilized life. Every society has to set certain norms for its people to maintain peace and order. The strength of a nation lies in discipline. It helps to make progress, fight external invasion and maintain national unity. Citizens of a disciplined nation work in a spirit of cooperation and utility. History tells us that whenever a country is torsi by internal strife, its morale drops and opportunist neighbour often takes advantage of the situation. However, discipline does not mean negation of personal liberty. It means a self- imposed discipline. In a democratic country like India, if people object to a certain law, then they can mobilize public opinion and force the Government to withdraw it. But it is possible only if they do not take the law in their own hands. They must act with restrain and organize peaceful agitation; otherwise there is every possibility of violence and threat to public and national property. The importance of discipline in educational institutions is well-recognized. Unfortunately, we notice that discipline in our schools and colleges has considerably declined, Students are disrespectful to their teachers; they misbehave in the classrooms organize strikes; take the law into their hands. This is certainly an alarming trend. Undoubtedly, it is discontentment that leads to breakdown of law and order. The urgent need of the hour is to make an in-depth study of the education system whether it is still relevant to our needs and growing population. In order to improve the atmosphere in the educational institutions the government must look into the genuine grievances of the teachers and the students. Over-crowded classrooms, poor teaching, poor salaries of the teachers all contribute to indiscipline and discontentment. The rapid growth in our population has led to more students seeking admission. The number of schools and colleges has not increased proportionately. Besides, to check the students from flocking to colleges, there is a need to vocationally education at the 10+2 stage, offer facilities for industrial and technical training after school to help them become self-reliant. This will also check the rising unemployment. Teaching, being a grossly under played job, does not attract the best and dedicated people. This affects the quality of teaching and makes students feel disillusioned. As a result they become restless and start cutting classes. The government has recently taken certain concrete steps to improve the situation. Discipline is the life -breath of the army. Military discipline imposes upon members of the armed forces a certain code of conduct. It demands of its officer’s loyalty to the country, a spirit of fellowship and a readiness to cope with an emergency. No army can fight successfully without discipline. The importance of discipline in the social and political life of a nation is also very great. An element of apathy and resignation has been the cause of our country still being so backward. We have made so much progress in technology and science, but still as people we have not been able to shake off our backwardness. Indians are known for their warmth and friendliness, yet they are narrow-minded, bigoted and indifferent One has only to go to government offices to see it. Workers shirk their duty, they are indifferent to their responsibilities, spend their office hours in canteen and pay no attention either to the long queues of people waiting or to the rising pile of unattended urgent files. Thus, the work accumulates. Both the public and the government suffer for their negligence. It is only when they will impose self-discipline and perform their duty with dedication that things will improve. People create chaos even in public places by their indiscipline behaviour. They show utter lack of order while boarding buses, trains. Out ¬side cinema halls, they promote malpractices in the form of black-marketing of tickets. Eve-teas ¬ing is another example of irresponsible behav ¬iour on the part of our youth. Today, women don’t feel safe in our cities because of unruly behaviour of goondas. In the political sphere also there is a need for discipline. Personal ambition and petty jealousy are the driving force for the men in power. This is a source of great pain to the people. The ruling party itself is divided by internal politics. It cannot set an example for the nation to follow. This has lowered the image of the ruling party in the eyes of the common man. The government must take immediate steps to improve its image and restore people’s faith in the party. This can be achieved only if each party member follows a certain code of ethics. Discipline is important even in the domestic life. Parents must raise their children in congenial atmosphere and teach them the right values. They should set an example for their children by leading orderly and peaceful lives. It is often seen that children from broken homes become very aggressive and indiscipline. They pose a danger to the society. Children must grow in secure, happy homes to become balanced adults, Perhaps the best service to the country lies in an effort of parents to bring up their children in a disciplined manner. Discipline though difficult is essential for personal growth as well as national prosperity. Absence of it can lead to failure, defeat and backwardness. Today in society, it is very important to learn to live in harmony with fellow human beings in a spirit of co-operation and mutual co-existence. All this is possible only if every individual follows a personal code of ethics and the one laid by the law for the prosperity of the nation and the progress of the society.

Natural Phenomena

Veronika Gyurjyan Professor Bachman English 28 4 February 2010 Natural Phenomena Henry David Thoreau was against of survival. Rather than purposefully living, the majority of people’s lives are little more than a series of reactions to everything. Most people survive today, thinking that they will live their actual living tomorrow. He was going to discover the life around him, bringing his life into the harmonious accord with all the movements around him. In 1845, July 4, he decided to move and reside at Walden Pond, which is located in Concord, Massachusetts about 18 miles northwest of Boston. Living in Walden for two years, Henry David Thoreau wrote the book Walden or Life in the Woods, summarizing his experience, his living in Walden, far away from society. Live life rather than let life live you. Certain individuals might think that we are living life just because we are alive. To Henry David Thoreau (philosopher and creative artist), living life was living a natural life that the majority of people are not living. Natural life means reawaking and expanding the human’s awareness, observing and discovering something that exists in science, which is more than unusual and difficult to understand. Discovering and reawaking something hidden is similar to giving a life to something that already exists, adding more imagination and creativeness. Walden by Henry David Thoreau is an American classic. The book is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery. Was Henry a hermit? I think he choose to isolate himself from society to gain more objectiveness about life. The whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, such as existing above or beyond human knowledge or understanding, a central theme of the American Romantic period. In his first and largest chapter, â€Å"Economy†, he outlines his project, â€Å"A two-year and two-months stay at the cozy tightly shingled cottage in the woods near Walden Pond. † I think that separation from the civilization gives a chance to reanalyze the entire life. Living in Walden was productive for Thoreau. In the chapter â€Å"Where I lived and what I lived for† chapter he describes how he was writing every day. And that time in Walden was his most productive as a writer. Another important purpose of his separation from society was realizing an importance and beneficial effect of solitude. â€Å"I never found the companion that was as companionable as solitude. †(Thoreau 177). Walden emphasizes the importance of solitude and closeness to nature. Walden is not an environmental book. It is about one man’s attempt to find the principles by which the life is a proper life. â€Å"Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thoreau 132). Henry Thoreau was enjoying every given morning, accepting is as a gift from nature. That was his chance to be closer to innocence. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swatch and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world†¦.. (Thoreau 135). Thoreau wanted to get the most from his life by determining what was really important, and he did that by removing himself somewhat from the normal life of Concord, MA in the 1840’s. One side of this was economical; he reduced his material needs by living simply, so that he would not have to spend much time supporting a lifestyle that he did not need or care about. The other side was spiritual, not unlike the spiritual retreats of eastern and western religions. He liked it so much that he lived in his cabin for more than two years, and came back with a great story. He worked on this story for several years after leaving the pond, until it became Walden as we know it today. By writing a Walden, Henry Thoreau gave a life to those two years and two months he spent in the woods. He dedicated his life to the exploration of nature, not as a backdrop of human activity, but as living. He was divinely conscious of the enthusiasm of Nature, the emotion of the rhythms and the harmony of her solitude. In Nature Henry found an analogy to the Transcendentalism. He did not study the Nature; otherwise it could make him dogmatic. He loved Nature. â€Å"WHO nearer Nature’s life would truly come Must nearest come to him of whom I speak; He all kinds knew,—the vocal and the dumb; Masterful in genius was he, and unique, Patient, sagacious, tender, frolicsome. This Concord Pan would oft his whistle take, And forth from wood and fen, field, hill, and lake, Trooping around him in their several guise, The shy inhabitants their haunts forsake: Then he, like ? op, man would satirize, Hold up the image wild to clearest view Of undiscerning manhood’s puzzled eyes, And mocking say, â€Å"Lo! mirrors here for you: Be true as these, if ye would be more wise. † Works Cited Book: Henry, Thoreau. Walden. Penguin Classics, 1985. Web Site: Amos Bronson Alcott. American Transcendentalism Web. 21 January. 2010

Aids and it is obstacle to African development Essay

Aids and it is obstacle to African development - Essay Example As such, this essay seeks to critically discuss the obstacles caused by the HIV/AIDS pandemic to African development by analysing the situation in South Africa, Ethiopia and Sierra Leone. The paper seeks to outline the direct effects of HIV/AIDS on development in these three countries as well as the measures that have been put by the respective governments to deal with the situation. Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) is contracted through birth, sex, sharing sharp objects such as a razor blade and over time the virus will spread over the body and weaken its cells. The weakening of cells causes AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which leads to illness and eventually death from related diseases such as tuberculosis or pneumonia and many others (Greyling, 2). HIV/AIDS is one of the most difficult catastrophes to deal with during the contemporary period given that a cure for this deadly pandemic is not yet available and may not be near in sight for quite some time hence the only option that is available at the moment is to strengthen the mechanisms to prevent, reduce the spread and minimise the impact of HIV/AIDS (Benjamin & Barry, 28). In the Sub Saharan Africa in particular, death rates have continued to rise because of the HIV/AIDS pandemic causing life expectancy to fall from an average of 50 years in 1990 to 46 years in 2002 (ADI, 14). AIDS related deaths were 2.2 million in Africa in 2001 and there were more than 30 million infected people. Both Ethiopia and Sierra Leone also have high HIV infection rates according to the report. In the same vein, South Africa is one of the countries with highest HIV infections in the Sub Sahara region regardless of its strong economic performance. The productive age group has been severely affected by the pandemic and this consequently affects growth and development. There are high chances of loss of production and the government in respective countries have to spend a lot of money to procure drugs as well as puttin g other measures to fight against the pandemic which negatively impacts on development. In order to establish the extent to which the HIV/AIDS pandemic is seen as an obstacle to development especially in the three African countries mentioned above, it is imperative to begin by outlining the state of their economies using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) index to measure the performance of their economies. According to World Bank Development Indicators in 2011, South Africa’s GDP is $285, 366 billion, $28, 526 Billion and Sierra Leone at $1, 942 Billion. Comparatively, it can be noted that there is a wide gap between the economies of the three countries and this reflects the country’s ability to cope with the deadly pandemic in view of its economic development and growth concerns. In most cases, the workforce is the major driver of economic development in any given country but the deadly HIV/AIDS pandemic is posing a serious challenge to the development of many Africa c ountries. Special attention will be paid to South Africa, Ethiopia and Sierra Leone in the discussion of how this pandemic has adversely affected economic development in African countries. According to You Magazine (4), 39 percent of all premature deaths were ascribed to HIV/AIDS and it was reported that

Read and answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Read and answer question - Essay Example The evidence is from the text where employees are received from high school and are trained. Due to the performance, others get promotions. The organization has succeeded mainly due to its structure. Each section of the organization has to work to the optimum to maximize the production. There is a well-set communication system, where employees are able to air their grievances and get the appropriate feedback. The piece rate system can also contribute to more production. Here, the workers are paid based on their input. Therefore, they work harder in order to get more money, and in the process, the company enjoys increased productivity. 3. What is the problem of transporting of Lincoln’s control system to other cultures? What suggestion could you make to Lincoln’s managers to increase the future international manufacturing plants more successful? There is a problem of transporting Lincoln’s idea to other national cultures, as the people are not used to the piece rate system. Most of the companies pay their employees according to the number of days that they have worked. Others find it difficult to give bonuses because they view it as a way in which the company makes losses. The idea of borrowing money to pay their workers is not a good idea. This is because as you borrow in the end, there is a need to pay back the money. Therefore, what they should employ is the piece rate system in the US, as the workers will struggle to work harder in to get more salary, enabling the organization to grow further hence reducing loss

Relationship between Stock Market Prices and Macroeconomic Variables Essay

Relationship between Stock Market Prices and Macroeconomic Variables - Essay Example This is an indication that the indexes will rely majorly on the stock prices of the major companies in the capital market. Therefore most financial experts like relying on this index as it is closer to representing the real market. According to Madura (2008, pg 347), the index is calculated by considering the stock price of five hundred biggest companies in the market. It explains that the companies are selected based on their market capitalization. To understand this dynamic relation the relation between the stock price and the variables in the macro economy, a clear and incisive analysis of the effects of these variables on the financial markets is required. This paper examines some of the relationships between the stock prices and market indices and the variables of the macroeconomic environment within economies of countries like the United States and England. Â  The GDP of a nation covers all the products and services produced in a single financial year. In Berezina (2012) opinion, it covers the entire products, from the smallest item to the largest possible item and services purchased by the consumers in this economy. It notes that investors pay keen attention to indicators of sustainable growth in the GDP of an economy to make decisions on investment. When the report shows that there is growth in GDP, many investors will be attracted to the economy. This translates to higher stock prices as investors rush to acquire stakes in companies within these economies. In the absence of growth, the investor confidence is low and the stock prices are likely to slump. This is usually reflected in the performance of the index of the market. Analysts believe that the performance of a market over a financial year will reflect the overall performance in GDP. For instance, Madura (2008) explains that economic factors that affect the stock prices includ e indicators like GDP (Madura 2008, pg 270).

WHAT PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY HAS TO CONTRIBUTE TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF Essay

WHAT PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY HAS TO CONTRIBUTE TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ADDICTION - Essay Example Most methods, however, still maintain that it is the personality trends, whether conscious or unconscious, that drive human behavior. Applying psychodynamics as a tool to analyze the nature of drug addiction can be accomplished with a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical perspectives from recognized leaders in the field. Addiction can be described as a complex process and set of behaviors with multiple determinants and multiple functions. Drug addiction is understood to be an adaptive pursuit for providing relief from painful feelings and to create the illusion of control (Bell et al). Recognizing this type of addiction as a means to mentally alter the perception of reality and as a mechanism to suppress negative emotions can be directly tied to Sigmund Freud, arguably the most influential figure in psychology, theorized that the basis of personality centered around three distinct characteristics in which he labeled the id, the ego, and the superego. Freuds analysis of the dimensions of personality development is that the unconscious (the id) is completely intact from birth and, essentially, acts as the center for subliminal instinct and desire. The ego, on the other hand, acts as a regulatory structure in personality that functions both consciously and unconsciously in order to logically assess the drives of the id. The ego, according to Freud, bridges the gap between id and superego to prevent a person from acting unrealistically to the demands of the external environment. The superego, therefore, is the personality component that weighs morality against decision-making. Each of the traits of these personality constructs theoretically work together to create a harmonious relationship between the unconscious and the conscious. According to Freud, an overactive id would dominate both the ego and superego resulting in behaviors based not on logic, but on satisfying the

Oil Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oil Crisis - Essay Example Oil is the major source of energy worldwide and it is expected to remain so over the next few decades. Ever since, then crude oil has become the main "raw" material in every economy no matter it is a developed one or it is in the developing process. The changes in the prices of the crude oil are making positive and negative implications on every economy (Itzkoff, 2008).When these changes of prices are severe ones, one might easily conclude that an economy is going to face problems such as unfavorable supply shocks. When these kinds of problems arise in the world oil market, it is usually described as a world oil crisis. The world has witnessed 2 major oil crises and it is facing another one at the moment (Campbell, 2005). In order to discuss the recent oil crisis and its economic implications I am going to refer to the appropriated economic theory. As mentioned previously the major problem that an economy is facing during every oil crisis is the adverse supply shock. Adverse supply shocks are unexpected events that reduce aggregate supply and therefore the output decreases and prices increase. In the language of economy it can also be said stagflation (Venn, 2002). Firstly, the basic economic tool of demand and supply would be examined in reference to the oil prices. The overall world demand of oil has risen over the period mainly due to the increase in the number of automobiles, which as a matter of fact is a result of higher living standards. Considering local factors, leasing and the easy loan repayment options have made it easy for the every individual living in this world to afford a certain motor vehicle. This in turn has lead to the consumption of oil to the highest. So accordingly, when demand is high and supply is low the prices obviously will tend to rise. Secondly, if the oil pricing mechanism is considered it can be known that oil is a leading resource used by all the industries in this world in one way or the other. Some industries use it in the transporting sector while some use it to produce goods (Prince, 2008). Oil prices are set around the world by OPEC (The Organization of Oil Exporting Countries). What OPEC basically does is how cartels work around the globe; they limit output to guarantee high oil prices and profit margins. Again when the output is limited, the demand supply function puts itself to work and the result is a surge in the oil prices. Thirdly and most importantly, oil is used as a lubricant and raw material in this era of industrialization and again the rise is population speaks for itself why the world demand for oil has risen (Frieden, 2007). Increasing oil prices have far reaching effects on an economy. Just recently, when the oil prices rose to as high as $140/barrel many important countries were seemed to be undergoing a tough time with their budget management (Klare, 2008). On a wider perspective, the effects are far more on ground level then at the macro economic level. When oil prices rise, the prices of those commodities which are dependent on oil also rise. Now when the prices of the latter product rise then the products which use this latter product as a raw material, even their prices rise. The point conveyed through this paragraph can also be known as the multiplier effect in economics. Multiplier effect leads to inflation on a grand scale and its results are mainly felt by the poor who are thus brought into the limelight (Eccleston, 2008). Linking to the upper paragraph, concerns about inflation depress the stock market and even when that does not happen, speculation itself acts as a rodent and thus this diverts away investment from a country. Studies have proved that an increase in the rate of inflation leads to an increase in the poverty level, crime and suicide rates. This is one of the reasons

How ICT impacts on me Essay Example for Free

How ICT impacts on me Essay I think ICT impacts me a lot since I first used a computer. It made my life happier but as well as distracting me too much sometimes. When I first used a computer, I was about 8 or 9; it was a must because we all had computer lessons since primary 3 until year 7. Email was the only major thing that made me use computers. By the time goes by, I am getting older, I was told by my younger cousin to play computer games on the internet. Since then, I used computer every day. My mum saw this then she set me a do’s list and a don’ts list. She thought that I was too addicted to the internet for some reason. This probably is one of the handicaps of how ICT impacts on me. On the other hand, teachers taught us how to use email on the internet since we were small, that leaded me communicating with my school friends during holiday. I thought this was very easy for us; we did not have to ring each other very frequently, we could simply send emails. However, we did not use it too appropriately. As the technology is growing year by year, now I know what exactly computers or anything related to ICT help us and influence us. Say about the online banking nowadays, customers will receive a little machine from their bank, which is used for confirming you are the right person when your debit or withdraw money from online banking. This can help with avoiding crime on online banking. For example, customer will need their secure key every time they log on. Secure key is the name of the little machine. It is handy, easy to keep in a safe place. Whenever customers need to log on to their online banking account, the website will ask them for the security code from their secure key. Next, they need to click one of the buttons on their secure key, then a random number or key appear on the screen. This prevents from some people who are trying to hack in others’ accounts. This would also make people feel safer when they do online banking, and getting away from the stress of being stolen a huge amount of money sneakily. This also affects hackers in a bad way; they will not be able to investigate a new way to hack people’s accounts in a period! On the other side of the influence on me, it would probably be computers. Years ago, I was still ‘’writing’’ my prep, nowadays, I go straight to my laptop and ‘’type’’ out my prep and then print them off. We have a various choice for us to prepare and do our paper work on our laptops. Now I use word processer to do my essay-work. Presentation software is for presenting information to a group of people. Spreadsheet is for calculating faster than working out numbers ‘manually’. Database is for holding a massive amount of data and records. This really does help people work more efficiently and spend less time on their work. Correcting words immediately after you find out wrong words is one of the advantages of ICT. Scribbles can be prevented if I work on my laptop. Finally, ICT really affects us in a good way, but there is one main thing that is bad for us. On the social side, some social websites tend to be too distracting to people, this would affect their working motivation and their working force. ICT could be a handicap in some ways. It could lead some teenagers or children over-addicted to computer games or social websites. In conclusion, ICT impacts me well so far. I could do my prep in a faster way and entertainment myself when I am bored or free.