Increasing the hardware Essay Example for Free

Expanding the equipment Essay Conceptual As any business develops, they are continually hoping to grow all perspectives ofâ their business. With this development, the expense of expanding the equipment and programming required for the extension is additionally expanding. Numerous organizations are searching for approaches to keep or even smooth out the equipment they at present have yet grow. They need an approach to have their clients sign into their site and go to a focal server however need all the important records for the clients to be put away somewhere else which will speed up the server. To be fruitful in today’s advertise, numerous organizations are understanding the need of utilizing innovation. As an ever increasing number of organizations utilize more innovation, their IT foundation can't deal with all the traffic because of the absence of accessible server/extra room expected to fulfill the expanding needs of the clients. Regardless of whether the business is little or a huge partnership, finding the required accessible server/extra room is turning into a regularly expanding issue. Attempting to take care of this issue, numerous organizations have started to search for an elective answer for store huge numbers of their business records from their own primary PCs, this is called distributed storage. Consider how you have an outer hard drive that you use to store documents from the hard drive of your PC, the distributed storage works similarly. The main exemption is that you don't claim the outside stockpiling, you lease the extra room from somebody who deals with all the support and refreshing of the site. JPCexpress has been working for a long time with their own inside stockpiling capacities and now are in the market to grow their business. The current server space that the organization claims is being impeded by the measures of information it needs to utilize day by day so they need a fresher answer for their capacity issues with the goal that they can keep on offering their creation offices and clients the most ideal help. Following day administration separates this organization from other online organizations and I will demonstrate what should be done to assist then with continueing to achieve this with a basic server space arrangement. Organization Background JPCexpress is a pioneer in the internet printing industry. They utilize cutting edge innovation that permits the client to put in a request and have it printed and conveyed the following day. There are numerous internet printing associations, however JPCexpress was one of the primary that offered 24 hour conveyance on the off chance that you put in your request by a specific time the day preceding. Theâ company was established in 2001 that offered printing as an assistance so the client approaches all the organization printing business arrangements permitting them to submit their requests directly on the organization site. The client doesn't need to put any monies into their own printing framework and the staff that would be expected to look after it. JPCexpress offers its administrations to various associations of all sizes that would prefer not to problem with having interior printing abilities. Because of the client having the option to transfer all their data to assist us with p laying out the required administrations, this takes up a great deal of extra room. JPCexpress works three colossal distribution centers that are deliberately positioned the nation over. Inside every office, they house all the equipment and programming expected to lead the printing business alongside all the equipment and programming required for the IT side of the business. The clients can utilize our site as their own so they realize they will get precisely the item they need. Our groups of specialists are continually presenting new administrations and answers for the clients and they have them coordinate the new innovations into our foundation month to month. The explanation we possess the quickest turnaround energy for internet printing organizations is because of the way that our clients can utilize our website as their own to make and request their printing needs. We have become a pioneer in the internet printing world in light of our client assistance, straightforwardness and speed of our online administrations and the way that we promise you will have your r equest the following day in the event that you meet the day by day cut off time. Conversation of Business Problem During times of pinnacle use, the measure of information utilized is overpowering. JPCexpress is a first class printing business yet because of our stockpiling capacities, we do have issues that will ease back the support of our clients. This is an issue in light of the fact that the planning of the gradualness (can keep clients from making the cut off an ideal opportunity for following day administration) which legitimately identifies with client care and consumer loyalty. The principle issue is that when there are numerous clients on the framework, it eases back down and forestalls convenience. I feel that JPCexpress could profit by rising innovation as distributed computing or could capacity. Expanding our capacity limit would keep the framework from easing back down and loss of information. Any IT division inside any business in every case needs better approaches to expand the capacities of their present foundation without putting resources into new equipment, new permitting requ irementsâ or investing the energy and monies to prepare and employ new faculty. Because of the expanding measures of information required by our current clients and the expansion of new clients, individuals from our IT division needs to physically go into the framework and dispose of old records and clear any repetitive information. This happens when our framework turns out to be moderate which eases back the utilization of our creation devices and this all signifies a misfortune in the measure of work that can be performed. In the event that the association was to utilize distributed computing, the issue of overpowering the framework could be evaded. Distributed computing includes any membership based or pay-per-use administration that, continuously over the Internet, expands its current capacities (Gruman, 2012). Utilization of the cloud could start at our midway found office for preliminary purposes until we check whether utilizing it is valuable to both the clients and to our investors. Elevated Level Solution For some, organizations, having enough extra room to hold all the data they have procured from their clients and the working of inside strategic policies is a genuine test that getting progressively harder. Numerous associations have gone to erasing tremendous measures of information to open up space for the new information they have to remain refreshed and to keep on giving their clients brilliant client care. Numerous organizations have gone to distributed storage to help alleviate this issue. Distributed storage goes about as a midway found server whose fundamental reason for existing is for capacity as it were. Utilizing distributed storage, every one of the three offices can store and recover records as they are required without putting resources into more framework. When choosing to move to distributed storage, a couple of concerns will be raised. A few people believe that distributed storage is less secure than nearby server farms and this isn't correct. . At the point when th e cloud have that IT chief work together the cloud host will scramble the information and the business will store the keys to that encryption on it neighborhood arrange (Marsh, 2013). Many cloud suppliers offer dashboards to the customer so they can log and deal with the company’s server farm. They can include more stockpiling on the off chance that they need and this is finished without adding any gear to build stockpiling. I have checked two of the significant suppliers of distributed storage for estimating and adaptability. Amazon S3 is 99.9 percent dependable and it is versatile to accommodate your present business needs and furthermore can be changed to accommodate your future needs also (Amazon Web Services, 2013). All information going into this distributed storage is scrambled for information security and you can choose what district you need to have your information put away in. Another astounding advantage is that once the information is gone into the cloud, it is consequently upheld up on the off chance that one framework bombs you will lose your information. All information transferred is for nothing however they do charge for every GB of info rmation that is moved or downloaded from the cloud. This appears to be entirely sensible since we will keep up a focal server with just our servers signing into the cloud to recover the client data. Google distributed storage offers secure and safe distributed storage. It has configurable security controls and the cloud is adaptable with the goal that you can get what you need now and later on the off chance that you need more stockpiling you can generally include more (Google Cloud Storage, 2013). Looking between the Amazon and Google destinations, the two of them offer similar sorts of highlights yet I was unable to discover any information that says how dependable the Google cloud is. Additionally, checking the valuing from the two locales, apparently Amazon is somewhat less expensive than Google is. Moving to distributed storage is a practical choice to help settle inactivity issues and site slack because of the huge measures of information being transmitted over our site. Advantages of Solving the Problem Taking care of this difficult utilizing distributed storage will speed up the servers the clients use to direct their business. The sped up the server will likewise take the customers’ arranges rapidly and get them to the ideal printing office to guarantee they make the cut off an ideal opportunity for 24 hour conveyance. Actualizing the distributed storage arrangement at just a single office will permit the business time to check whether the cloud is a suitable alternative to putting innumerable monies in overhauling our present offices. Utilizing the cloud will set aside us cash in view of the sped up at which the clients can utilize the framework, the speed in handling the requests and furthermore set aside us cash since we won't need to employ extra work force to keep up extra equipment or pay for authorizing for extra programming. In an article composed by Joe McKendrick for Forbes magazine, he discusses the advantages of distributed computing for a business. Cost decrease †utilizing cloud as capacity brings down exchange costs, limits the interest in equipment and programming and furthermore lessens the requirement for a colossal IT staff or for adding extra work force to oversee you IT

Living in the early colonial era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Living in the early pilgrim period - Essay Example With Puritan tendencies, our priest reviews Roger Williams of New England's advancement of soul freedom and his dismissal of Puritans' convention of God's choose as blasphemy (Foner 63). I came in, just to discover Elizabeth, my significant other, crying. Upon request, I was told Gilbert, an African slave working in a neighboring ranch had been whipped more than once for engaging in sexual relations with another female slave (Foner 52). News spread across provinces of conceivable French raids into settlements under British principle. Sir Edmund Andros, Governor of New York, allegedly shapes a collusion, Covenant Chain, with Iroquois Indians so as to counter French dangers (Foner 83). [Insert Your Last Name] 4 February 24, 1689 News spread about toppling James II of England and triggers uproars and viciousness in numerous settlements (Foner 92). November 20, 1691 I was frightened by reports of a few young ladies capitulating to bad dreams and fits in the wake of trying different things with enchantment in Salem, Massachusetts (Foner 94). [Insert Your Last Name] 5 Works Cited Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!: An American History. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 2004. Print.

Public Administration and Politics free essay sample

duction During the politically-sanctioned racial segregation period, the South African open assistance was secluded and distant from worldwide improvements in Public Sector Reform (PSR) (Thornhill, 2008). New Public Management (NPM) belief system dependent on nonexclusive administration thoughts and institutional financial matters had spread through the Anglophone world during the 1980s and 1990s (Hughes, 2003). During the change in the mid 1990s, next to no work done by the African National Congress (ANC) on the idea of the post-politically-sanctioned racial segregation open help. It was naturally fixated on the issue of political force. It is regularly contended that NPM has been exceptionally persuasive in forming Public part change in post-politically-sanctioned racial segregation South Africa. What exactly degree has the South African open assistance been affected by NPM changes, instead of different changes? What has been the impacts of these changes? They are decentralization of power and obligation to supervisors, rightsizing which involves lessening the size of the open part, corporatisation through changing over offices into unattached units, the production of the Senior Management System (SMS), the utilization of the agreement framework for heads of offices, the formation of a progressively adaptable HR framework, the presentation of Performance Management and endeavors to improve administration conveyance. We will compose a custom exposition test on Open Administration and Politics or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Except for completely blown privatization and open private associations, this concentrate presumably rides the whole range of NPM. The strategy comprised of meetings with various senior government authorities which included three current Director-Generals. A meeting was likewise held with the past Minister of Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA), Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi. New Public Management: The Framework In the 1980s, the conventional bureaucratic open organization model of Max Weber and Woodrow Wilson was tested in Anglophone nations, for example, England, Australia and New Zealand. Another model of open division the executives rose in these nations which was called NPM. NPM is certifiably not an intelligible hypothesis but instead a discrete arrangement of thoughts that can be extensively partitioned into two classes. To begin with, there is the utilization of private administration thoughts, for example, the arrangement of progressively responsive and proficient administrations, execution understandings including administration principles, more prominent freedom and adaptability for chiefs and new monetary procedures. Second, there is more noteworthy utilization of as privatization and open private associations in administration arrangement. NPM is commonly enlivened by the qualities and ideas of the private area. It was viewed as a method of slicing through the formality and inflexibility related with old-style open organization. The Context of Public Sector Reform Global financial impacts have been a significant foundation variable in thinking about authoritative change. One general purpose behind open division changes globally is to control open burning through, help the bureaucratic weight and to reshape social arrangements that can't be managed (Polity and Bouckaert (2004:28).

The new idea business restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The new thought business café - Essay Example I found a fitting site a month ago and rent dealings are set to be finished before this month closes. I picked Crockett Street in light of the fact that there is a huge populace of the objective market. Subsequent to marking the rent, I will raise the beginning up reserves required for development. Evidently, the development time frame will take roughly two months. After fruition of this stage, Vegas café will open and begin serving purchasers with nutritious food. Notwithstanding, if the eatery meets its projections inside nine months of activity, we will scout for another area and build up plans for setting up another café. Clearly, our four-year objective is including three eateries inside Texas with a joint yearly benefit of between $ 600,000 and $1,000,000. Market Analysis According to Ariss (2010), the café business faces expanded rivalry however way of life changes coming about because of contemporary living keep on moving development in the business. Baruch (2004) certifie s that that few individuals have insignificant time and assets to set up a feast all alone. Vegas eatery will perform better since it is probably going to offer more beneficial nourishments at moderate costs. The business happens is the third driving industry in America. Moreover, it represents roughly $ 250 billion yearly in deals. Notwithstanding, singular eateries add to fifteen percent of this aggregate. Bevitt (2008) certifies that a normal American uses fifteen percent of salary on dinners from their home. In addition, this number is expanding in the course of the last 7, and four years. This industry has outflanked the GNP by around 40%. More than 600 cafés open month to month and more than 300 required in balancing the expanding interest for quick nourishments. A report discharged by ‘National Restaurant Association’ uncovered that as contemporary way of life makes request, it would drive people to devour more suppers from their living arrangement (Halverson an d Tirmizi, 2008). Thusly, Vegas café centers around drawing in a few purchasers prompting higher benefits. Items Vegas café will offer food and refreshments with an interesting picture. It will join two different ways of buying items in particular; table assistance and remove. The Vegas menu offers an assortment of ethnic nourishments that are nutritious. As prior expressed, the prime objective is to build up a picture of light, fulfilling and solid nourishments. This is owing to expanded mindfulness on expending solid and nutritious nourishments. Food creation will happen at the restaurant’s kitchen utilizing new vegetables and dairy items. Be that as it may, the culinary specialist will direct severe sanitation norms, quality creation, and bundling. As they buy food, clients may sit on one of the sixty seats at the lounge area that will permit servers to take care of them. A different counter will support customers, who pick to expend food away from the eatery. Rivalry A normal of twenty cafés inside Crockett Street sells food at equal costs. In spite of the fact that this circumstance makes a reasonable test in regards to piece of the overall industry, it additionally show the presence of a solid potential to acquire clients. The new contenders have made a fruitful section into this café industry dependent on curiosity. In any case, this ought not confine Vegas Restaurant from wandering into the business since it will introduce an imaginative item utilizing a comparable style at a

Media Essays Media Traditional Television

Media Essays Media Traditional Television Media Traditional Television Media combination is unavoidable as new media challenges the strength of customary media and conventional media responds to this test. Examine. Presentation Media union has become an issue in the course of the most recent ten years as new innovations, for example, the Internet and PCs have become intermixed with ‘traditional media’, for example, TV and papers. This media combination rises above social, social, monetary, mechanical and modern changes, which will all be examined in the exposition (Jenkins, 2006, pp. 3-5). This combination can occur in various manners, however the fundamental spotlight is on the union of kinds of media innovation in the public eye and inside the media business itself (Bell, 2006). This is for the most part thought of as ‘new media’, for example, PCs crashing into ‘traditional media’, for example, TV and print media (Franklin, et al, 2008). Aside from the innovative combination, the paper will likewise take a gander at how crowds are connecting with and understanding these advances. This is regularly alluded to as ‘cultural convergence’ inside media (Jenkins, 2008). The issue to be tended to here is whether media combination inside mechanical and social terms is inescapable as new media pushes forward and challenges conventional media structures. Despite the fact that obviously innovative assembly is happening, the issue is more unpredictable than this and furthermore incorporates changes inside culture, the media business, markets, classifications and crowds (Jenkins, 2004, pp. 37-41). Accordingly, the issue presented here is what to look like at the test to conventional media from new media, and how the customary media is reacting. Is this example of challenge and reaction prompting an inescapable union of media in all perspectives? Procedure So as to respond to this inquiry, the analyst will utilize the technique for report examination all through the thesis. Report examination is a subjective strategy for checking on the substance and significance of writings, and is suitable for this situation on account of the availability of archived proof and supposition regarding the matter of media combination. A subjective technique is required in a subject like this on the grounds that the key components of research are engaged around social patterns and assessments, innovative changes, and not around explicitly quantitative components. Moreover, as social marvels, writings are the perfect method to survey social changes inside media (Stokes, 2003, pp. 52-54). Be that as it may, as an abstract medium it very well may be hard to utilize literary investigation, on the grounds that a speculation should be framed before starting the examination. This won't be an issue for this situation however on the grounds that the issue of media intermingling and its alleged certainty has just been recognized as the focal point of the paper through starting examination. Record investigation additionally permits the scientist to take a gander at the particular social and social setting of media archives, just as utilizing essential, optional and general reports to make a full image of the examination issue. There will be a huge spotlight on essential archives in regards to media combination, media culture and innovation inside the exploration (Altheide, 1996, pp. 3-6). Points and goals The point of this paper to offer a response with respect to the certainty of media combination considering the difficulties from new media to conventional media just as the reaction from customary media to this test. Right off the bat, this will include completely characterizing media assembly in its different pretenses and what media union on a mechanical, social, innovative, advertise based and crowd based level would establish (Durham and Kellner, 2006). At that point there will be an audit of the writing on the rise of new media and its test to conventional media in a mechanical, modern and social sense (Thorburn, Jenkins and Seawell, 2003, pp. 281-314). The area after this will take a gander at the response from customary media to this test, and how this has reshaped conventional media fields, for example, TV and print media (Lawson-Borders, pp. 27-43). A segment will at that point analyze the issues of media intermingling considering the difficulties and reactions among conventional and new media. To delineate a portion of these difficulties in a true setting, the instance of China’s media atmosphere will be inspected. China has experienced an enormous number of changes in media throughout the most recent ten years and is the issues of assembly are especially applicable to such a setting of innovative, social and mechanical change (Hong, 1998, pp. 41-53). From these parts an end will be attracted with respect to the future certainty of media intermingling in an assortment of settings †innovative, social, mechanical, showcase based, and crowd based. Writing Review The rise of new media and its test The significant test from new media has originated from mechanical development in the course of the most recent ten years, with the rise of PC innovation and the Internet. For the reasons for this paper, there won't be a protracted conversation about what comprises ‘new’ or ‘old’ media as set forward by Manovich (2001), but instead it will be content with the possibility that new media incorporates PCs, the Internet and advanced cell phones as the norm, though ‘traditional’ media includes print media, TV and radio as principles. This new media has critical utilitarian equality with conventional media, for example, print media and TV, and is in this way taking a portion of this market (Adoni and Nossek, 2001, pp. 76-81). Thusly, the opposition for crowd numbers and social hugeness started. The old standards and ideas of conventional media have been put under tension by the adaptability, development and new methodologies of new media (McQuail, Siune, and Euromedia Research Group, 1998, pp. 1-3). New media structures, for example, cell phone gushing (Nilsson, Nulden and Olsson, 2001, pp. 34-36), the Internet (Lister, Dovey and Giddings, 2003, pp. 35-37), and news sites and channels (Digital Spy, 2008) have changed the parameters of what establishes media in today’s world. Not just has new media changed the mechanical parameters, yet it has changed the market and social atmosphere of media also. There have been inquiries concerning how the market needs to react to new media regarding guidelines â€for model how broadband administrations ought to be observed or controlled in media terms (Blackman, 1998, pp. 166-169). Communicate permitting rules have must be adjusted or audited considering the blast of new media sources and types the world over, which has caused discussion and contradiction with regards to how to deal with these new mediums (Weare, Levi and Raphael, 2001, pp. 47-55). There has been an adjustment in the manner crowds are presently seeing media, and with the media and social culture so firmly connected this has helped change social mentalities. Any semblance of MySpace and YouTube are genuine instances of the manner by which new media is testing social standards produced by customary media structures. This has extended to the domain of governmental issues, where new media is currently observed as a possibly more powerful instrument for encouraging majority rule process than customary media, regardless of the applied challenges of incorporating this (Barnett, 1997, pp. 211-216). Another region that has been changed by this new media challenge is the real instructing of media and news-casting. New media has implied that writers in customary media need to comprehend the better approaches for broadcasting and conveying data successfully, especially considering how politically controlled the funds and substance are of numerous conventional news media associations. The instruction has moved from customary media to multi-media (Quinn, 2001, pp. 84-87). Instruction in different zones is likewise being impacted by the test of new media to customary media, and has been especially compelling in the field of intuitive learning programs (Fallahkhair, 2003). These difficulties to conventional media by new media have happened quickly, and the impacts are wide-extending. The conventional media world has needed to react to this test so as to endure. The response from conventional media The response from customary media has not been one of rivalry or dismissal of new media, however an understanding that this sort of media is presently part of the scene and should be grasped. This is the thing that has prompted the alleged ‘convergence’ of media all through the world throughout the most recent ten years. At first the reaction from customary media was one of innovative union †this was inescapable as in new advances that can give a serious edge are constantly received in such an industry where conceivable. For this situation the innovative driver was digitalization regarding TV, and the spread of Internet news inside printed media (Henten, Falch and Tadayoni, 2003). Be that as it may, as innovation advanced so did social and social changes, just as market changes inside the universe of media. So as to remain pertinent and part of the front line of culture, conventional media has needed to adjust to and unite with new media as far as strategies, procedures and demeanor in some region notwithstanding the innovative intermingling. The structure for putting away media and substance has changed as ICT has advanced, and has made the requirement for customary media to be increasingly moment in its arrangement of substance and administrations (Lindqvist and Siivonen, 2002). Built up print media firms have grasped the new media to help extend their administrations and contact undiscovered crowds. For instance, The Guardian currently has a full online media segment that permits it to arrive at a far bigger and increasingly shifted

Challenging The Social Norms In The Wife of Bath - Free Essay Example

The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, is an assortment of stories by a group of pilgrims who are heading towards the Canterbury Cathedral. Chaucer addresses different stereotypes and distances his characters from the social norm. He did that by making them have memorable aspects and highly wry. More specifically, in The Wife of Bath, Chaucer delve into the stereotypes of men and women, defining their basic wants and needs. The tale describes the wife of bath as an optimistic woman, knowledgeable, well cultured, and wealthy, which was rare for a woman back in the fourteenth century. As the story continues, so do the characters challenging the status quo. Opening up the tale in the Wife of Baths Prologue, in lines 11-12, the wife of bath establishes herself as an authoritative figure to marriage. Being married multiple times the wife of bath feels as if she is an expert in marriage, Chaucers way of empowering her. She then continues on to tell the pardoner and other pilgrims a story about a knight. She goes on about a knight who raped a maiden. The knight raping the maiden challenged the traditional values of chivalry in the Middle Ages. The king wanted to condemn the knight by beheading him, however the queen offered another option, and the king gave way to her. With the king giving the queen the case, that alone challenges the social norm because back then women did not have a say, let alone men handing over their power to them. The queen told the knight to find out what women desire the most. The knight travels far to find the answer, but was always coming back empty handed. Until one day he met an old ugly hag. The wife of bath continues to tell the pilgrims that the hag made a deal with the knight and that if she gives him the answer, he would have to grant her wish. The hag tells the knight that the one thing women desire most is sovereignty over their spouses and lovers. The women as well as the queen agreed because the knights life was spared. When the hag demanded for the knight to marry her, and ended up marrying her against his will. The hag gives the knight the power of choice and tells him that she could remain herself and be faithful or turn to a younger beautiful wife who is not faithful. The knight granting the hag her sovereignty, tells her that the choice was hers. The hag kissed the knight and turned to a younger woman and they both lived happily together. Having that said, the knight has overcome hardships finding and in a way redeeming himself. Compared to how he was in the beginning, he has come a long way. He was first at a fixed mindset almost giving up and then turned to a growth mindset. He kept an open mind when he was given the power of choice. He learned from experience and thought it through, demonstrating a growth mindset, and told the hag that it was up to her whether or not she wanted to be faithful or not. Works Cited The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer: THE WIFE OF BATHS TALE CRITICISM / ANALYSIS / SUMMARY, thebestnotes.com/booknotes/Canterbury_Tales/Canterbury_Tales23.html. The Canterbury Tales. The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale, www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/c/the-canterbury-tales/summary-and-analysis/the-wife-of-baths-prologue-and-tale. The Canterbury Tales The Wife of Baths Tale Summary Analysis. LitCharts, www.litcharts.com/lit/the-canterbury-tales/the-wife-of-bath-s-tale. Chaucer, Geoffrey, et al. The Canterbury Tales The Wife of Baths Tale Summary and Analysis. GradeSaver: Getting You the Grade, www.gradesaver.com/the-canterbury-tales/study-guide/summary-the-wife-of-baths-tale. Chaucer, Geoffrey, et al. The Canterbury Tales. Pearson Education, 2008. Chaucer, Geoffrey, et al. The Wife of Bath: Complete, Authoritative Text. St. Martins Press, 1996. Miller, Arthur. General Prologue the Wife of Baths Prologue Tale: as/a-Level English. Hodder Education, 2009.

Health care (Australian Cities) - 2200 Words

The health care arguments for and against the implementation of Safe Injecting Rooms within Australian Cities (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date:University:The health care arguments for and against the implementation of Safe Injecting Rooms within Australian CitiesIntroductionWorldwide, there are diverse philosophical approaches to illicit drug policy. Overall, there are three dominant discourses centering on illicit drug use; prohibition, legalization, and harm minimization. The implementation of safe injection rooms within Australian cities is one of the drug policies directed at reducing harm flowing from illicit drug use. The principle of harm reduction shaped the foundation of drug policy framework in Australia since 1985. Harm minimization, in this context, infers the policies and programs designed to avert and minimize drug-related harm. Though an intensely contested term, harm minimization recognizes that while illicit drug use can never be fully eradicated, measures can be implemented to minimize its negative consequences. The core aim of this approach is to enhance the healt h and socio-economic results for both the society and the individual via a balanced application of three main strategies; supply reduction, harm reduction, and demand reduction.In Australia, the implementation of harm minimization strategies is an intricate, yet controversial issue. While there is an extensive agreement on the necessity to adopt an integrated approach to the drug menace in Australia, there are opposing views concerning the effectiveness of the drug policies. As a consequence, protagonists back fresh innovative drug strategies (considered radical by antagonists) such as supervised injecting facilities (Green2002, p.28).The divergence of view has led to the polarization of the debate centering on such issues. The supervised injecting facilities debate reached fever pitch between 1999 and 2001 when Australia Capital Territory, Victoria, and New South Wales attempted to launch such facilities. The debate was characterized by an enhanced level of conflict between groups with divergent moral and political beliefs regarding drug use. The use of illicit drugs within Australian society has become prevalent over the years. A National Drug Household Survey (1998) revealed that about 46.4% of the Australians (aged 14 years and above) have used a prohibited drug once in their life, with an approximate 22.8% reporting to have used a banned drug within the prior 12 months. The debate on Safe Injecting RoomsSafe injecting rooms (also referred to as safe injecting facilities) represent legally endorsed, indoor facilities, where injecting drug use transpires under the direction of medically trained personnel, and in safe and hygienic state with access to a wide range of sterilized injecting equipment (Green2002, p.29). The fashioning of Self Injecting Facilities aims at attaining a set of goals, which include reaching the target population, persuading service uptake, enhancing health and minimizing risk behaviors, reducing the prevalence of infectious disease, minimizing public nuisance and disorder, reducing drug overdoses and related fatalities, and curtailing an increase in neighborhood crime.Government sanctioned safe injecting facilities have operated in several cities around the world in countries such as Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany. The facilities are characteristically housed within integrated centers, which also encompass cafes, counseling facilities, primary medical care services that avail opportunities for referral to proper services such as drug treatment, advocacy, and material aid services, among others. Safe injecting facilitiesrepresent a practical harm reduction approach for vastly concentrated open drug scenes, typified by deteriorating health conditions for drug users who visited them, and the escalating public nuisances correlating with highly visible street based drug acquisition and use (MSIC Evaluation Committee 2003, p.35).Arguments for the implementation of Self Injecting FacilitiesThe ballooning visibi lity of street-based heroin markets and the associated health and other harms can be perceived to be the driving force of Australian interest in supervised, safe injecting rooms as a probable beneficial harm reduction approach. The envisaged benefits of the implementation of safe injecting facilitieshinges on their potential to aid in reducing harms associated with injecting drug use, such as the prevalence of fatal and non fatal illicit drug overdose, blood-borne virus transmission (especially hepatitis C and B, and HIV), and reduced incidence and impact of street-based injecting (Wood et al. 2005, p.126). Similarly, safe injecting facilities significantly reduce the risk of acquiring diseases such as skin abscesses, which may result from the utilization of unsterilized injection equipments.Moreover, the implementation of safe injecting room was expected to derive benefits such as enhanced access to health and welfare services for drug users, besides saving public resources. The im plementation of safe injecting facilities may also derive fiscal benefits emanating from lower ambulance and hospital utilization. The facilities provide onsite treatment for a large number of overdoses and contribute in the reduction of wound infections or vein damage (Wood et al. 2002, p.422).Much of the harm linked with injection drug use flow from the absence or scarcity of sterile injection equipment and the users apprehension of the criminal justice system. The anxiety about social rejection and arrest dissuade most people from subscribing to health and preventative services, forcing them into clandestine locations poorly suited for hygienic injection. The lack of proper syringe disposal facilities and accompanying legal disincentives to safe disposal enhance the likelihood that the used syringes will be improperly discarded. This creates public anxiety, besides enhancing the risk of accidental disease transmission (Green 2002, p.30). Safe injecting facilities are essential in addressing unsafe drug consumption environments.The mechanisms outlining how safe injection facilities avert infections and illicit drug overdose cases among clients are clear-cut. The facilitiesavail safety to injectors living with the threat of overdose. Studies on the issue havereported constructive results for clients and positive or neutral results for the localities (neighborhood). A considerable proportion of fatal and nonfatal illicit drug overdose episodes took place within private settings such as homes. Thus, safe injecting facilities should be perceived as but one section of an integrated and multifaceted set of initiatives and strategies directed at reducing the harms linked with illicit drug overdose (Gardner and Barraclough 2010, p.7).The establishment of such facilities pursues minimization of health and public order problems (reduce externalities of public drug use within communities) associated with illicit drug use. One of the outstanding social problems that s elf injecting facilities are likely to reduce encompass disturbance (nuisance) associated with injecting in public. The facilities can aid to reduce the amount of injection related litter such as discarded syringes within the vicinity, which declines exposure to accidental disease transmission (Wood et al. 2005, p.127). Similarly, the implementation of such facilities contributes to enhanced access to services for individuals who inject illicit drugs. Safe injection facilities are effective gateways for addiction treatment, counseling, and other services.There is strong evidence in Australia and internationally that harm minimization policies such as supervised injecting facilities and needle and syringe programs significantly minimize the social, economic, and health costs emanating from illicit drug use. The Australian government has over the years engaged in publicly funded programs that avail syringes and needles to injecting drug users, with a concise understanding that they wi ll be utilized in administering illicit drugs. In such circumstances, it would be detrimental and short sighted to shy away from providing safe and hygienic premises in which illicit drug users can safely inject themselves (Gardner and Barraclough 2010, p.6). The health and public safety gains that can be derived from the program clearly outweigh the policy consideration advanced against condoning an otherwise illegitimate behavior.Health Care Arguments against the Implementation of Self Injecting FacilitiesOpponents to the imp...

Where Did the Mao Suit Originate From

Also known as the Zhongshan suit (ä ¸ ­Ã¥ ± ±Ã¨ £ , zhÃ… ngshÄ n zhuÄ ng), the Mao suit is the Chinese version of a Western business suit. The Style A Mao suit is a polyester two-piece suit in gray, olive green, or navy blue. The Mao suit includes baggy pants and a tunic-style button down jacket with a flipped collar and four pockets. Who Made the Mao Suit? Dr. Sun Yat-sen, considered by many as the father of modern China, wanted to create a national dress. Sun Yat-sen, also known by the Mandarin pronunciation of his name, Sun Zhongshan, advocated wearing functional clothes. The suit is named after Sun Zhongshan but is also referred to as a Mao suit in the West because it was the suit Mao Zedong often wore in public and encouraged Chinese citizens to wear. During the Qing Dynasty, men wore a mandarin jacket (a jacket with a straight collar) over a bulky, long gown, skullcap, and pigtails. Sun combined eastern and western styles to create what we now call the Mao suit. He used the Japanese cadet uniform as a base, designing a jacket with a flipped collar and five or seven buttons. Sun replaced the three inner pockets found on Western suits with four outer pockets and one inner pocket. He then paired the jacket with baggy pants. Symbolic Design Some people have found symbolic meaning in the Mao suit’s style. The four pockets  are said to represent the Four Virtues in ç ® ¡Ã¥ ­  (GuÇŽnzi), a compilation of the philosophical work named after the 17th-century philosopher, ç ® ¡Ã¤ » ² (GuÇŽn Zhà ²ng). Additionally, the five buttons  allude to the five branches of government in the constitution of the Republic of China, which are executive, legislative, judicial, control, and examination. The three buttons on the cuffs  represent Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People (ä ¸â€°Ã¦ °â€˜Ã¤ ¸ »Ã§ ¾ ©). The principles are nationalism, people’s rights, and people’s livelihood. The Mao Suits Popular Days The Mao suit was worn in the 1920s and 1930s by civil servants in China. A modified version was worn by the military until the Sino-Japanese War. Nearly all men wore it after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China  in 1949 until the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976. During the 1990s, the Mao suit was mostly replaced by the Western business suit. However, leaders, such as Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin, wore the Mao suit for special occasions. Most young people favor Western business suits, but it’s not uncommon to see older generations of men wearing Mao suits on special occasions. Where Can I Buy a Mao Suit? Nearly all markets in Chinese cities large and small sell Zhongshan suits. Tailors can also make custom Mao suits in a day or two.

Drinking and Driving Essay - 1487 Words

â€Å"Every single injury and death caused by drunk driving is totally preventable† says David J. Hanson, a drunken driving activist. Drinking and driving is a serious crime in all fifty states. The rules and laws may vary among the states. In Illinois, it is illegal to operate a motor vehicle with a blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) or .08 percent or more. A driver also can be convicted of DUI with a BAC of more than .05 if additional evidence is present (DUI Laws par. 1). According to the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than thirty-seven billion dollars annually and in 2010, more than ten thousand people died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes - one every fifty-one†¦show more content†¦This test is also an indirect measurement of BAC through an estimate of the amount of alcohol is the urine that is used to determine the overall BAC. A blood analysis is a sample of blood, drawn from the subject t o directly determine the blood alcohol concentration in the body. Although the amount of alcohol is at its highest level about an hour after drinking, alcohol is quickly absorbed into the blood and can easily be measured through a blood sample (DUI Refusal par. 2). In Illinois, before a driver can receive their license, they have to sign to implied consent. The implied consent law says that if a driver is lawfully arrested by an officer who has a probable cause to believe that he or she has been driving under the influence, that he or she consents to taking a chemical test of your blood, breath, or urine for the purposes of determining your blood alcohol content. A driver does not have the right to speak to an attorney before he or she is tested, and the test much be given as soon as possible from the time when he or she was last driving. Although the arresting officer gets to choose which test the driver takes, the driver has the option to get additional tests afterward taken by a medical professional of his or her choice (DUI Refusal par. 1). A driver’s license suspension is a temporary loss of driving privileges for a specific length of time. Suspended drivers must comply with all requirementShow MoreRelatedDrinking, Driving And Driving2032 Words   |  9 Pages Drinking and Driving While I was researching about Drinking and Driving, I found a few articles that show the reader complete information about the risk that represent Driving under the influence of the alcohol. Those articles discuss the results of driving while being drunk. One of the results can be going to jail; however, I believe that going to jail is one of the softest consequences that an individual can have for drinking and driving. 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Adults and teenagers think it okay to stillRead MoreThe Dangers Of Drinking And Driving1624 Words   |  7 PagesI think drinking and driving is terrible because of how many accidents there are and because there are so many people getting away with drinking and driving these days. Driving while under the influence is bad because there are so many wrecks while driving drunk. The risk of people driving drunk has increased over the years because cops have started to slow down on catching people that are driving under the influence. We are all at risk to drive under the influence but most of us decide not to because

3m Pharma Health Care Market Analysis - 19832 Words

Project Aim: The principal aim of this research project is to pertain academic theories and knowledge about the market research in order to explore 3M health care, drug delivery system division (DDSD) key competitors and to determine key success factors for winning contracts for oral dosage forms and Phase III trial research for 3M (DDSD) in Europe. 2. Project Objectives: The objectives of this project are: * To explore contract pharmaceutical manufacturing and packaging market. * To identify, the European contract pharmaceutical market. * To explore the competitive advantage of European contract pharmaceutical market. * To determine the selection criteria for pharmaceutical companies for outsourcing. *†¦show more content†¦Recently 3M Europe DDSD is engaged in the manufacturing of valves, tablets , liquids and filling of inhalers for Meda but fail to get new contracts for oral dosage form particularly tablets and capsule in Europe despite their strong network, innovations and packed logistic and marketing services. 3.3: Company overview: 3.3.1: 3M 3M is a diversified technology company serving customers and communities with innovative products and services. 3M is a worldwide company having a turnover of more than $25 billion, have an operation in more than 60 countries, sold product in more than 200 countries and more than 79000 employ work for 3M worldwide(3M, 2009). 3M has more than 35 business units (3M, 2008). 3M serve the customers through six business segments which increase speed and efficiency by sharing technological, manufacturing, marketing and other resources (3M, 2009). 3.3.2 3M health care: 3M health care is a global leader offering innovative products and solution for medicals, health information management, drug delivery and food safety. 3M Corporation is considered one of the most innovative companies in the world due to its effective knowledge management system (Brand, 1998). 3M health care provide world class manufacturing and packaging technology that help promoteShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy - Analyse Competitive Dynamics in Pharma Industry5450 Words   |  22 Pagesenabled him to gain ï ¬ rst hand experience within the world’s key pharmaceutical markets. 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Persuasion At Interlochen Center For The Arts Summer Camp

Persuasion at Interlochen For three months last summer I worked as front of house staff at Interlochen Center for the Arts summer camp. My job had a large range of roles. I would guard the stage when guest stars performed, run the front of house at a variety of venues, communicate with the stage managers, and overall make sure that every show I was charged with ran smoothly. When I accepted the job I had no idea all that went into it. The customer service aspect was huge and over the summer I recognized the necessity of persuasion in communicating to do my job. There are many aspects to persuasion that I needed to understand to persuade people effectively. Nonverbal communication was important in my job. Most of the people I interacted with I had never seen before and because of this the way I presented myself was extremely important. My Interlochen uniform was a light blue or white polo tucked in with navy blue bottoms. This was important because it allowed patrons understand just b y looking at me that I was an employee. A requirement was also that hair, nails and makeup was all well maintained and clean. A study found that people believe â€Å"that uniforms have a positive impact on customer perceptions of overall service quality† (Karl 452). Interlochen believed this as well, with all of the employees and student required to have a uniform look. Patrons knew just by looking at us that we could be trusted to ask questions or give directions. When guarding, an important

Corporations Associations Cases Materials †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Corporations Associations Cases Materials? Answer: Introducation A contract is something more than a mere agreement created between two or more persons. Therefore, there are certain elements that should be present in order to make a contract binding on the parties. In this regard, it is required that there should be an offer made by one party to the other one, the same should be accepted by the other party and similarly it should be the intention of the parties to enter legally binding relationship. There is also a requirement of a price paid. It may not be in the form of money (Re McArdle, 1951). The parties should also have the legal capacity to create the contract of their own free will (Crown Lands Comrs v Page, 1960). The parties should enter the contract after properly understanding it. On the other hand, the consent of the parties is appreciated if there is any undue influence, duress or false statements due to which the contract could become illegal and void. In this way, the elements that are required to demonstrate that a binding contract is present are:- Offer: an offer should be made by one party to the other. Acceptance: the offer should be accepted by their party exactly on the same terms. The introduction of new terms amounts to a counteroffer. Consideration: the promise made by the parties and the contract should be supported by the valid consideration. Mutuality of obligations: Both the parties under the contract should accept their obligations imposed by the contract. Capacity: the parties should have the legal capacity to enter the contract Most of the contracts can be either in writing or created orally and still these contracts can be enforced by the law. However there are certain particular elements that are required by the law to be in writing in order to be legally enforceable (Baxt, Fletcher and Fridman, 2008). On the other hand, it is difficult to enforce oral contracts. The reason is that in case of oral contracts, there is no real record present regarding the offer, consideration and the acceptance of the parties. Still it is important to be aware of the types of contracts that need to be created in writing for being legally enforceable. Generally the contracts that needs to be created in writing for the purpose of being legally enforceable are the contracts that are related when certain debts, real property, regarding money over a particular amount. On the other hand, when it is not required by the law that every good contract should be writing, the other elements that are necessary for the purpose of creating a legally enforceable contract should be present in any case (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2013). In this way, the bottom line in this regard is that while generally the parties entered into transaction in good faith, a well-drafted contract created in writing provides the best protection that may be available to the parties in case of a dispute. Ideally, it is advisable that an attorney should be contacted before drawing or entering into a contract. However, the smaller the sum involved in the contract and the simpler the contract, there is less need of written contract. In this way, it is clear that it is not necessary that a contract should have been created in writing in order to be legally enforceable. However there are certain types of content that are required by the law to be created in writing for the purpose of being enforced by the courts. However, it is a good idea to put the agreement in writing because in such a case it becomes easier to establish the terms of the cont ract (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, 2013). On the other hand, in case of an oral contract, difficulties may arise in establishing the terms of the contract A formal contract can be described as a contract in which the parties have sealed the document under seal. On the other hand, in case of an informal contract, it is not signed under seal. In this context, a seal can be described as any impression that has been created by the parties to the contract on the document. Traditionally, this was done in wax, mentioning the intention of the parties that they will be bound by the contract. Only the parties to the sealed documents are considered to be the persons who have the rights under such contract. Therefore, only the persons who were the party to the contract can be considered as liable under it (Miller, and Cross, 2012). On the other hand, nearly all of the contracts that are made today are informal contracts. However the legitimacy of the contract is not dependent on the fact if the contract is formal or informal. In both cases, the contract is considered as binding, provided that the other elements that are necessary for creating a le gally enforceable contract are present. Generally, a formal contract is created by a greater authority like a corporation or the government. The formalities of such contract required that the document should be signed under seal. The two examples of a formal contract include:- Negotiable instrument Letter of credit In this case, a group of friends contribute $2 each to purchase a lottery ticket and one person from the group actually purchase is the ticket. When the winning ticket is wrong for the group, it is claimed by the purchaser of the ticket that the arrangement was the only social and he is not required to share the prize money. In such cases, the law contract requires that one of the elements that are required to make a contract legally binding is the intention of the parties. Hence in such cases it is required that it should be the intention of the parties that the obligations imposed by the contract should be enforceable by the law (Lens v Devonshire Club, 1914). The key to the interpretation of the contract is to give effect to the intention of the parties as mentioned in the agreement between the parties. For this purpose, generally the intention of the parties has to be ascertained objectively (Balfour v Balfour, 1919). For this purpose, the court is required to consider the words used by the parties in the agreement; the actions of the parties in accordance with the agreement and the circumstances related with the agreement. After considering all the facts, if it can be concluded by any reasonable person, that it was the intention of the parties to create legally binding contract, such a contract with the enforced by the court. Another significant role in this regard is the plain meaning rule. According to this rule, when a clear and unequivocal contract is present, the contract will be enforced by the court. According to the plain terms of the contract that have been mentioned on the base of the document and the court is not required to consider extrinsic evidence or to interpret the language used in the contract. A business owner may hire two the people, Agents and independent contractors. Although he appears to be a simple matter of delegation but from a legal perspective, there are several other implications present. The employees who are hired to work under the command of their own that fall under the integrity of agents. On the other hand, hired help for completing temporary or recurring tasks fall under the category of independent contractors. In order to differentiate between the two, the court will consider the level of control that the employer has over the person hired. If the business woman had outsourced to some work to an individual or another company specializing in that line of work, most probably, the individual will be treated as an independent contractor, particularly if such person has great discretion in completing the work. On the other hand, if a person is hired on a recurring basis and if that person has less discretion to complete the work, most probably the person with will be considered as an agent. In this way, the difference between an agent and an independent contractor can be described as follows:- An agent is required to act in accordance with the supervision of control of the principal. An agent has to follow the instructions given by the principal. The acts of agents are binding for the principal Independent contractor An independent contractor is required by the law to follow the terms of the contract. An independent contractor uses his own equipment, labor, machines and material. The independent contractor does not have the capacity to bind the employer References Baxt, R, Fletcher, K Fridman, S 2008, Corporations and associations: cases and materials, 10th edn, LexisNexis, Butterworths, Sydney, New South Wales Harris, J, Hargovan, A Adams, M, 2013, Australian corporate law, 4thedn, LexisNexis Butterworths, Chatswood, New South Wales Miller, and Cross. "Chapter 11: Contract Law." Business Law: Text and Cases. By Clarkson. 12th ed. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2012. 210 Sweeney, B, OReilly, J Coleman, A, 2013, Law in Commerce, 6thedn.2015, Australian Corporations Legislation, LexisNexis Butterworths Case Law Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Crown Lands Comrs v Page [1960] 2 QB 274 Lens v Devonshire Club (1914) The Times December 4 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669

Persistence Of Memory Essay Example For Students

Persistence Of Memory Essay Persistenceof Memory by Salvador Dali is one his most distinguished works. It is anOil on Canvas 9 1/2 x 13 and was painted in 1931. Dali uses many types ofmedia in this picture to portray the imagery he was looking for. The First mediaI recognized was chiaroscuro. The artwork starts from a bright white and blue inthe top left hand corner and ends up fading into darkness. There is a largefigure with a clock draped over it right before the fade to darkness which maysymbolize a time in the artists life in which he was feeling that his memorieswere fading and falling into blackness. The Second media I noticed was trompeloeil. This was most noticed with the seemingly melted watches representingtime or memory draping off a table and a tree. It is really a barren landscapewith 4 clocks, a table, fake tree, a blue rectangular mass, and some mountainsin the background. I suppose he is trying to symbolize his thoughts and memoriesand how he was feeling about them at that moment. This artwork consists of amostly cool color scheme with one instance of warm. There is a red clock in thebottom left hand corner that does seem to stick out with the effect of red andblack it uses. That also is covered with ants that look like they are eatingwhich may symbolize some type of eating away at a memory he had. The cool colorsare the sky and 3 of the clocks while the warm is 1 clock and the base of themountain. The rest of the landscape is a very neutral brown and black. Persistence of Memory also exhibits a kind of atmospheric/linear perspective. The objects in the front of the piece, the tree, clocks, table, figure, are mostnoticeable with detail and it seems like those are the objects the artist wantsyou to be most familiar with relative to the mountains, sky, and ocean in thedistance which really are not that symbolic in this picture. They are of lessfocus than the melted clocks. Dali was a noted Surrealist and this picture mayhave been his greatest in that era. He was a man that could put photorealisticimages on a canvas. His surrealist era was influenced by a famous psychologistwhich led him to explore his own fears and fantasies. In 1934 Dali was expelledfrom the Surrealist group due to the world war and his supposed crazy ideas. Ichose this artwork because of Dalis intense, illusionistic style. He was agreat artist and a man not ashamed to show how he felt. He wanted to explore hisfears and fantasies and express them through artwork which gives me the sensethat he had great pride. I feel this piece is very important to the surrealistartworld as it is a perfect example of Dalis realistically dreamlike content. Dali was expelled from his surrealist group in 1934 and responded as follows the difference between me and the surrealists is that I am surrealism.

This Earth of Mankind Essay Example

This Earth of Mankind Paper This report is based on an interview of Pramodeya Ananta Toer which explains the background thought processes of his four book series the â€Å"Buru Quartet† however the references taken shall be based solely on the first book of the quartet â€Å"This Earth of Mankind†. Pramodeya says that the idea for Minke the male protagonist of the quartet was based mostly on â€Å"Willem Wertheim† a Dutch scholar, this seems mostly ironic as one of the main antagonists in the novel happens to be the Dutch government and it is against Dutch colonialism that Minke stands up but as Toer says â€Å"He brought out the characters who had been erased from our history. Not only this but also â€Å"I had students pore over newspaper stories from the period and wove episodes into the plot† thus it cannot be said that the lead character was based solely on one inspiration, however we do see that Minke happens to be more ambitious than his fellow countrymen and also has a more enlightened attitude which does have a European or in this case Dutch in nature and hence could explain Toer saying he was based on Willem. We also notice the similarity of the book with the events at the time when Toer was writing the book such as the power of the ruling government to take over private businesses in order to run them ‘fairly† and act as caretakers as seen in the Dutch taking over the Nyai’s business, and we also see the apparent class system and high level of social segregation which was still present in Toer’s time, it also seems that Pramodeya did have a direct source to base Minke on in the form of the Philippine novelist ‘Jose Rizal’ who was executed by the Spanish in 1896 after three years of imprisonment and torture for championing freedom from colonial rule however he does not mention this. We will write a custom essay sample on This Earth of Mankind specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on This Earth of Mankind specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on This Earth of Mankind specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We also see that Minke’s main enemy other than the Dutch was Robert Surhoff a man so confused by his own birth that he develops a superiority complex in order to make himself appear better than his fellow countrymen as can be seen by his calling Minke Indo all the time considering the title ‘Bupati’ beneath him even though it was a position of power more than he could ever have this however was one of the numerous people suffering from similar Psychological problems due to the changing time. The idea as Toer says came from an Eurasian gang organized by the Dutch to terrorize the people of Jakarta and this is also pretty much what Robert Surhoff is also doing, another thing that is also most remarkable is the irony of the situation that the very people they try to imitate and please, by harming their own brethren in order to get their acceptance do not treat them with much respect and also consider them below their level. Which can be seen in the novel that the Dut ch born first son of Mr. Mellema is given preference to the property over Mellema’s half Dutch children this concept is a forerunner to the idea of 2nd class or 3rd class citizenship which is still another form of Racism left over from colonial rule. Pramodeya’s inspiration from other works such as John Steinbeck’s â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and the works of Gorky and Tolstoy are quite evident. Pramodeya integrated the running theme of â€Å"Try to understand each other† from ‘Of Mice and Men’ into his quartet as it seems the only way out of the problem that the colonials and the colonialists are facing is if the two groups try and understand each other and Pramodeya in a way is showing what happens when individuals and communities on a whole do not understand the other persons view point and try to assert that they are right or superior over the other. Other concepts also evidently integrated in the novel taken from Steinbeck’s novel are dreams, loneliness, how mans prosperity achieves cruelty, powerlessness, and uncertainty of the future — or fate. All seen in the life of Minke and how he progresses through out the first novel as not only his rise to fame gain him the enemity of his Rubert Surhoff and Mellema but also that of his brother to an extent and also that he dreams of changing not only his life but also the life of his fellow people however in the face of the unexpected events and ‘fate’ he was helpless/powerless. Also from Gorky’s work we see Pramodeya geting the idea of showing the social fabric of Indonesia in the novel and to show the distinctive charecterists of Indonesian people and to give a psychological aspect to the novel.

A report on the landscape evolution of the Durham coast The WritePass Journal

A report on the landscape evolution of the Durham coast Introduction and Background: A report on the landscape evolution of the Durham coast Introduction and Background:Past and long-term processes acting on the Durham coastline: the long-term evolution of Dawdon Blast Beach and WhitburnPresent day processes:Assessing erosion rates and predicting future change:Conclusion:References:Related Introduction and Background: This report aims to assess the landscape evolution of the Durham coast, and to determine the past, present and future processes acting on the coastline. Natural processes have shaped the region for millions of years, and at present the area is characterized by a number of physical features. These include Permian Magnesian Limestone Cliffs, glacial sediments, raised beaches, incised valleys and small coastal headlands. In the last 10,000 years the development of the costal zone has been in response to a switch from glacial to interglacial conditions, and the resultant rising global sea level. However, over the last century increasing human activity has artificially modified the coastline in a number of ways. In the north east of England, coal mining was the dominant industry until the early 1990’s. Such activity was often characterized by the dumping of vast quantities of waste rock and low-grade coal onto the beaches by coastal mines (Humphries, 2001). The disturbances caused by active waste tipping to both the coastline and the natural ecosystems within the area were extensive: in some parts, the accumulations of waste reached 20m in thickness. That said, the decline of the coal industry throughout the 1980’s and its eventual closure allowed for a review of the management of the coastline. The result was the launch of the so-called ‘Turning the Tide’ project, which aimed to restore previous environmental conditions, as well as create new socio-economic opportunities (Wilkinson and McCay, 1998). The website explains how a small management team exists â€Å"to protect and enhance the special qualities of this unique coastline† (durhamheritagecoast.org). The project facilitated the removal of industrial waste, the development of recreational initiatives and the opening of coastal footpaths.   Changes in both physical activities and anthropogenic attitudes towards the management of the coastline have allowed the area to redevelop. We visited two sites, at Dawdon (a site popular for sea angling) and Whitburn, to execute a number of tasks in an attempt to understand these processes more, and to try and predict future changes. As such, I have divided this project into three separate categories: the past and long-term processes acting on the Durham coastline, present day activity in the region and our prediction of what may happen in the future. These categories will be followed by a discussion and conclusion. Past and long-term processes acting on the Durham coastline: the long-term evolution of Dawdon Blast Beach and Whitburn Bird (1984) makes the point that the evolution of coastlines can be analyzed in a number of ways: geological structure, marine processes, tidal conditions, changing sea levels and shifting climatic processes. By citing the number of influences that can play a role in the development of coastlines, Bird (1984) makes it clear that if we are to understand the present and future processes, we must first gain significant knowledge of the past. Therefore, in order to understand the Durham coastline completely, we must first look at the region’s historical geomorphology and its underlying geology. Bridgland (1999) explains how the geology of Dawdon and Whitburn is primarily made up of Permian Magnesian Limestone. Above the limestone lies a layer of boulder clay, which supports grasslands, plant life and other wildlife.   Going further back into time, though, reveals the influence of glaciation on the region’s geological development.   Glacial deposits in the region reveal that ice was present until fifteen thousand years ago. Britain’s glacial history is, in parts, incomplete and poorly understood. However, evidence in the form of glacial sediments, erratics, clast fabrics and striae can give us some understanding as to where the ice came from and how and why the sea-level has changed in the last 10,000 years. Erratics are simply rocks that have been transported and deposited by a previously existing glacier (Holden, 2005). Holden (2005: 528) also explains how â€Å"glacial abrasion causes striations† and the smoothing of some surfaces. The evidence for this is in present day striae, which were observed at Whitburn. Clastic fabric is composed of grains of rock, which have been weathered and eroded from previously existing bedrock (Holden, 2005). Transportation of clastic material is often by ice. It is these separate forms of evidence that together suggest that the first glacial ice to appear in the region came from the northwest (Lunn, 1995). The second glacial ice witnessed is attributed to the Cheviot / Tweed area. It has been proven that Whitburn is located where previously different sections of ice may have competed against each other before eventually merging.  Ã‚   Johnson (1995) also notes that further evidence of glacial activity in the region comes in the form of lakes, which are suggested to have formed during periods of deglaciation. Shennan et. al (2006) have recently undertaken extensive research into relative sea level change, and attempted to reconstruct British ice sheets. Evidence suggests that the Durham coastline is still responding to the rising sea level and rapid changes of the last 10,000 years. Crucial to this area of study is the principle of isostasy, defined by Holden (2005:718) as â€Å"the principle by which the Earth’s crust floats upon the denser mantle.† Shennan et. al (2006) make it clear how relative sea level change, as a result of isostasy, depends not just on sea-level change but also land-level fluctuations. This is the principle of isostatic change. The significance for past and long-term processes acting on the Durham coastline is that areas that were covered in ice, such as the northeast of England, are often still experiencing uplift as a result of their newfound buoyancy. The opposite is true of regions that were not covered in ice, such as southern England, which are currently subsiding. It is clear that the present day processes have been shaped by the geological history of the Durham coastline. Present day processes: Dawdon Blast Beach is displayed in the appendix as figure 1.   The pronounced headlands and bays that exist along the Durham coastline are the result of different rates of erosion. Erosion is occurring at Dawdon as the result of wave action and tidal currents: where the rock is more resistant headlands form, and where it is more easily eroded bays, like Dawdon Blast Beach, retreat inwards (Holden, 2005). Limestone, which, as previously said, is at the heart of the geology of the northeast coastline, is a rock that can produce extensive and defined erosional features. On land these are known as karst landscapes, but on the coast the erosion of limestone can often lead to the development of features such as stacks, stumps and arches. The impact of the sea is the cause of much unstableness along the coastline, providing sediment and other material for the water to transport and deposit elsewhere. Indeed, the northeast coastline has little shelter from the impact of waves. But although erosion by wave action is commonly seen along the Durham coastline, the transportation and deposition of the eroded sediment along the coastline relies on other processes, too. This is because the headland and bay features reduce the impact of longshore drift. The direction of transportation is north to south, and much of the material is trapped by the headland at the south end of the bay. It appears that the transportation of sediment owes much of its existence to the power and direction of the wind, whereas the layout of the coastline, and in particular the existence of headlands, is the root of much deposition. Some of the coastal features, though, are anthropogenic in nature: mining has influenced Dawdon Blast Beach in a number of ways over the last 100 years. The vast quantities of waste that was simply tipped onto the beach has affected habitats and ecosystems, discouraged visitors and left the local communities with little pride about their unique coastline (durhamheritagecoast.org). But the waste also raised the beach level and left many cliffs isolated from the sea. Evidence suggests that the mines were also responsible for the creation of a number of artificial lagoons as a result of their pumping out excess water below the natural sea level.   The mining industry has had an ecological, environmental, social, economic and physical impact on Dawdon Blast Beach in the last 100 years. Assessing erosion rates and predicting future change: The beach at Dawdon has been eroding at its northern end since the prevention of mine waste tipping. From 1994 onwards the beach has been monitored by the Environment Agency to assess erosion rates. In an attempt to predict any future change on the coastline, we used a leveling technique to construct our own profile of the Dawdon Blast Beach (figure 4), before comparing it with the agency data from 1994 to 2010 (figure 5).   Figure 5 shows clearly that, over a relatively short period of time (since 1994), the beach has suffered significant recession and sediment loss.   Understanding the reason behind the erosion rates is an important factor in trying to determine any future changes. Despite the closure of the mining industry some years ago, the legacy of the waste left on Dawdon Blast Beach continues today. The waste produced from the blast furnace and mining industry actually prevents heavy erosion to some parts of the cliff, acting as an artificial wall to the power of the sea and wind. However, as this waste is eventually removed (it is predicted to have completely gone within 15 years) the cliffs at Dawdon will become increasingly exposed to the influence of natural processes, and heavy erosion is predicted to occur. This will result in further inland retreat and lengthening of the bay. As explained earlier, the process of longshore drift and sediment transportation travels from the north to the south along Dawdon Blast Beach. Like the waste, the deposited sediment acts as a temporary blockade and means that the southern end of the beach will remain protected for longer. As the sediment deposited by longshore drift reduces in quantity, further erosion is predicted to occur. Eventually, it will be necessary for anthropogenic intervention to prevent the coastline from being eroded too heavily. Human intervention may come in the form of sea barriers, or even in the introduction of sediment where it has been significantly removed. Conclusion: This project has revealed how the Durham coast has been shaped throughout geological history, examined the modern day processes currently shaping it and made an attempt at predicting future erosion rates and development. It is clear that both natural and anthropogenic processes have had a significant influence on the development of the region. The current coastline and its landscape owe much of its existence to the historical glaciers and the force of the tides, both past and present. But this project has also revealed the extent to which human activity and production of waste have influenced natural geological development. The waste produced from the previously booming mines has impacted not only present day processes (ironically, it actually protected the cliffs from coastal erosion) but also what will happen in the future. The closure of the mining industry, though, and the launch of the ‘Turning the Tide’ project means that there is more chance of the coastline re-discovering its natural state in the future. Now all that can be seen of the colliery are two structures adjacent to the car park, and the predicted removal of all the existing waste means that natural processes will once again assume their authority. Consequently, in the future we expect to see greater erosion rates than which currently exist. All of the processes and impacts that this project has investigated have had influence, positive on negative, on the development of the Durham coastal area, which has been and continues to be a cultural asset, important to the region’s economy, wellbeing and natural habitats. References: Bird, E.C.F. 1984 ‘Coasts: an introduction to coastal geomorphology.’ Blackwell 3rd edition Bridgland, D.R. 1999 ‘The Pleistocene Of North-East England.’ In: Bridgland, D.R., Horton, B.P. Innes, J.B. (Eds). ‘The Quaternary Of North-East England.’ Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, 1-9 www.durhamheritagecoast.org (accessed 8/4/2011) Holden J, 2005, ‘An Introduction to Physical Geography and the Environment,’ Second Edition, Pearson Education Essex Humphries, L. 2001. ‘A review of relative sea-level rise caused by mining-induced subsidence in the coastal zone: some implications for increased coastal recession.’ Climate Research 18, 147-156 Johnson, G., 1995:   Ã¢â‚¬ËœRobson’s Geology of North East England.’   Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumbria 56, part 5. Lunn, A., 1995: ‘Quaternary.’   In: Johnson, G., 1995 (ed): ‘Robson’s Geology of North East England.’   Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumbria 56, part 5, 297-312. Shennan, I., Bradley, S., Milne, G., Brooks, A., Bassett, S. Hamilton, S. 2006 ‘Relative sea-level changes, glacial isostatic modelling and ice-sheet reconstructions from the British Isles since the Last Glacial Maximum.’ Journal of Quaternary Science. 21:585-599 Wilkinson, D.L. and McCay, N.A.J. (1998). In Fox, H.R., Moore, H.M. and McIntosh, A.D. (eds) ‘Land Reclamation: Achieving Sustainable Benefits,’ Balkerna: Rotterdam

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